法定代表人涤除登记制度的创新与展望

Innovation and Prospects of the Deregistration System for Legal Representatives

法定代表人在组织法上具有法定性和唯一性的特征,若原法定代表人辞任后,公司迟迟不能选任新的法定代表人,原法定代表人的正常涂销登记存在制度性障碍,只能寻求涤除登记。但新公司法并未提供涤除登记的直接规范依据。为此,需要在新公司法的框架内寻求妥当解释路径,为涤除登记之诉续造裁判依据与商事登记依据。一方面,新公司法虽然极大革新了法定代表人的辞任制度,但对于留任期限问题仍有待完善,应将及时选任新法定代表人纳入董事勤勉义务范围,督促公司及时选任,以平衡法定代表人单方辞任权与公司登记适法性之间的张力。另一方面,涤除登记之诉的制度性构造,需要建立民事诉讼、行政诉讼与公司登记执法的协同机制,包括确立涤除登记为独立的商事登记类型,实现行政诉讼、民事诉讼生效判决与登记机关行政行为的衔接,确保原法定代表人离任的自治意思得以及时实现,实现私法正义。

The new company law eliminates systematic obstacles to registration changes that might arise when a legal repre‐sentative resigns,and the company promptly elects a successor.However,if a company is slack to elect a new one or is unable to do so,and coincidentally the former legal representative seeks deregistration,there is no direct legis‐lative norms in the new company law for this scenario,so the significant barriers of the old company law still exist.Therefore,it is necessary to seek new legal interpretation methods within the framework of the new company law to create judicial and commercial registration basis for deregistration claims.On the one hand,the new company law significantly innovates the resignation system of legal representatives,but the issue concerning duration of the re‐maining term still needs to be resolved.On the other hand,the systematic construction of deregistration claims re‐quire the establishment of a collaborative mechanism among civil litigation,administrative litigation,and corporate registration enforcement,including recognizing deregistration as an independent commercial registration type,realiz‐ing the coordination between administrative litigation,effective judgments in civil litigation and administrative ac‐tions by registration authorities,securing the timely realization of legal representative's intent to resign,and achiev‐ing justice of private law.