超越体裁界限的修辞资源——修辞方法视角下的虚构性

A Rhetorical Resource across Genres:The Rhetorical Approach to Fictionality

进入21世纪以来,“虚构性”成为国际叙事学界的一个热点话题。在众多关于虚构性的新兴理论中,修辞方法最为引人瞩目。修辞方法衍生出三种主要观点:沃尔什认为虚构性是不依赖于字面真实的关联性,尼尔森与格利弗森将其定义为“有意标记与交流的创造”,费伦将其视作“非真实状态或事件”的交流。修辞方法聚焦虚构性的诠释过程、交流效果与现实意义,为审视虚构性的表现形式及其社会文化功用提供了新视角。

The notion of fictionality has become a topic of interest in the field of narrative studies.Among recent fictionality theories,the rhetorical approach has proved to be the most prominent.The rhetorical approach has given rise to three conceptions of fictionality:Richard Walsh sees fictionality as relevance independent of literal truthfulness,Henrik Skov Nielsen and Simona Zetterberg Gjerlevsen regard it as"intentionally signaled,communicated invention",and James Phelan sees it as the communication of"nonactual states or events".Foregrounding the interpretive process,communicative effects and real-world significance,the rhetorical approach offers a new perspective for the study of the diverse manifestations and socio-cultural functions of fictionality.