数字乡村建设与农民主体性地位:桎梏与对策

Constraints and Strategies for Safeguarding the Farmers’Subjectivity in Digital Rural Construction

随着新技术的涌现和大数据时代的来临,传统乡村社会迎来了转型和发展的重要时机,基于人工智能和大数据的数字乡村建设成为全面乡村振兴的重要环节。数字乡村建设对于促进乡村振兴、推动新质生产力发展和弥合城乡数字鸿沟具有重要意义,发挥农民主体性作用则是助推数字乡村建设的重要一环。目前学界对数字乡村建设中农民主体性地位的关注和研究较为缺乏。通过实地调研以及对现有政策、文献的整理分析,揭示数字乡村建设中保障农民主体性地位的关键桎梏:政府与市场对农民的“挤出”和“替代”,使数字技术供给难以契合农民生产生活需要、农村人力资本水平难以支撑数字乡村建设。未来需要多维激发基层活力,以维护农民主体地位;围绕农民生活生产实际提供技术服务供给,建立健全人才保障体系。本文旨在呼吁关注数字乡村建设过程中的农民主体性地位,解决乡村数字化建设中的现实问题,为数字乡村建设以及乡村振兴提供有益的启示和建议。

With the emergence of new technologies and the advent of the big data era,traditional rural societies are facing an important opportunity for transformation and development.The construction of digital villages based on artificial intelligence and big data has become a crucial part of comprehensive rural revitalization.The construction of digital villages holds significant implications for promoting rural revitalization,advancing the development of new productive forces,and bridging the urban-rural digital divide.Empowering farmers as subjects is essential to propel digital rural construction,yet there is a lack of research focus in academia on the status of farmer subjectivity in digital rural construction.Through field research and analysis of existing policies and literature,this paper reveals the key constraints in ensuring the subjective status of farmers in the construction of digital villages:the conduct of“excluding”and“replacing”farmers by the government and the market,the insufficiency of technical support for agricultural production and farmer’s life,and the inadequate level of human capital in rural areas to construct digital villages.In the future,it is necessary to stimulate grassroots vitality in multiple dimensions to maintain the subjective status of farmers;provide technical service supply around the actual life and production of farmers,and establish a sound talent guarantee system.This paper aims to call attention to the status of farmers as the main body in the process of digital village construction,to solve the practical problems in rural digital construction,and to provide useful insights and suggestions for the construction of digital villages and rural revitalization.