武陵山区岩溶地质与铁路勘察实践

Karst Geology and Railway Survey Practice in Wuling Mountain Area

研究目的:绵延于湘西、鄂西、渝东、黔东的武陵山区地形及地质条件复杂,具有特殊的地理、地质、气候背景。随着西部大开发国家战略的推进,本区域铁路建设取得长足的发展,并且在持续推进。本文对武陵山区已建铁路工程经验进行总结,并对未来发展方向进行讨论。研究结论:(1)武陵山区大部分位于碳酸盐台地,可溶岩面积占区域面积60%以上,岩溶强烈发育,岩溶及岩溶水成为控制铁路线路方案的主要地质问题;(2)本区域岩溶发育形态、规模及强度主要受构造控制,总体表现为规模大、深度深、规律性差;(3)本地区应按“减灾防灾”理念进行地质选线,勘察期间开展岩溶专项勘察查清沿线岩溶分布情况,“绕避”为第一选线原则;无法绕避时应按“分带走高”的原则确定线站位方案;(4)利用现代信息技术,研发新的技术装备,向更精细识别、更可靠分析、更精准处治方向发展,成为本地区控制岩溶地质风险、解决工程面临问题的必然要求和趋势;(5)本文研究可为武陵山区将来铁路勘察、设计、施工提供借鉴。

Research purposes:The terrain and geological conditions of the Wuling Mountains,which extended across western Hunan,western Hubei,eastern Chongqing,and eastern Guizhou,were complex and had a special geographical,geological,and climatic background.With the advancement of the national strategy of western development,the construction of railways in this region had made significant progress and was continuously advancing.This paper summarized the experience of railway engineering in the Wuling Mountain area,and discussed the future development direction.Research conclusions:(1)The majority of the Wuling Mountain area was located in carbonate plateaus,with a soluble rock area accounting for over 60%of the regional area.Karst was strongly developed,and karst and karst water had become the main geological issues controlling railway line schemes.(2)The morphology,scale,and intensity of karst development in this region were mainly controlled by structures,and overall were characterized by large scale,deep depth,and poor regularity.(3)The local area should followed the concept of"disaster reduction and prevention"for geological route selection.During the survey,a special karst survey should be carried out to investigate the distribution of karst along the route,and"avoidance"should be the first principle for route selection;when it was impossible to avoid,the line positioning plan should be determined according to the principle of"raise the elevation".(4)Utilizing modern information technology,developing new technological equipment,and moving towards more precise identification,reliable analysis,and precise treatment had become an inevitable requirement and trend for controlling karst geological risks and solving engineering problems in the local area.(5)The research results can provide reference for future railway survey,design,and construction in the Wuling Mountain area.