鉴别电子烟中天然烟碱和合成烟碱的分析方法研究进展

Research progress in analytical methods for distinguishing between natural and synthetic nicotine in electronic cigarettes

烟碱是电子烟等新型烟草制品中的核心成分之一,烟碱有天然提取和化学合成两种来源方式,如何鉴别成为近年来的研究热点。综述了8种分析方法,主要包括烟碱异构体比例法和同位素法等,对各方法的优缺点进行了讨论,并探讨了其它可能的方法。烟碱异构体比例法包括旋光仪法、HPLC法、GC法、SFC法和NMR法等,具有简单、快速、定性定量等特点,可作为间接鉴别的方法;同位素法包括δ^(2)H、δ^(14)C、同位素模式法等,具有准确、高效、无需定量的特点,可作为直接鉴别的方法。采用上述多种方法同时确证电子烟中的烟碱来源,将大大提高结果的准确可靠性,为产品质量控制和市场监管提供技术参考。

Nicotine is one of the core components in novel tobacco products such as electronic cigarettes.There are two sources of nicotine:natural extraction and chemical synthesis.How to identify the source has become a research hotspot in recent years.This review summarizes eight analytical methods,including the nicotine isomer ratio method and isotopic method,discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each method,and explores other possible methods.The nicotine isomer ratio method includes polarimetry,HPLC,GC,SFC,and NMR,characterized by simplicity,speed,and qualitative and quantitative capabilities,serving as an indirect identification method;the isotopic method includesδ^(2)H,δ^(14)C,and isotopic patterning,known for accuracy,efficiency,and the elimination of quantitative requirements,serving as a direct identification method.Employing these various methods to simultaneously verify the source of nicotine in electronic cigarettes will significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of the results,providing a technical reference for product quality control and market regulation.