社区老年人跌倒风险感知潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

Potential Profile Analysis and Influencing Factors of Falls Risk Perception Among Elder Adults in Community

目的 分析社区老年人跌倒风险感知的潜在剖面类别及影响因素,为制订老年人安全活动方案从而降低跌倒风险提供参考。方法 2023年2-8月,采用便利抽样法选取合肥市3个社区的常住老年人423例为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、跌倒风险感知量表、老化态度问卷、智力状态量表、修订版跌倒效能量表、体能状况量表和焦虑抑郁量表对其进行调查。运用潜在剖面分析和多元Logistic回归分析确定不同剖面及其影响因素。结果 社区老年人跌倒风险感知分为低跌倒风险感知型、中度跌倒风险感知型和高跌倒风险感知型3个潜在剖面类别,其影响因素包括锻炼爱好、健康自评、身体活动功能、老化态度、焦虑抑郁、跌倒效能等(均P<0.05)。结论 社区老年人跌倒风险感知存在异质性,医护人员应根据社区老年人跌倒风险感知不同剖面的分类特征,制订针对性的干预措施,以降低跌倒风险。

Objective To explore the potential profile of falls risk perception(FRP)and its influencing factors among elder adults in community.Methods From February to August 2023,423 elder residents from 3 communities in Hefei City were selected by convenience sampling method.General data questionnaire,falls risk perception Scale(FRPS),attitude to aging questionnaire(AAQ),mini mental state examination(MMSE),modified falls efficacy scale(MFES),short physical performance battery(SPPB)and hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)were used to conduct a survey.Potential profile analysis and multiple Logistic regression analysis were used to determine different profiles and their influencing factors.Results The FRP of the elderly in the community was divided into 3 potential profile categories:low falls risk perception type,moderate falls risk perception type and high falls risk perception type.The influencing factors included exercise hobby,health self-assessment,physical activity function,aging attitude,anxiety and depression,and fall efficacy(all P<0.05).Conclusions There is heterogeneity in the falls risk perception among older adults in community.Healthcare professionals should develop targeted intervention measures based on the classification features of different profiles of falls risk perception among older adults in community,aiming to reduce falls risk.