渤海表层海水微塑料污染与监测研究

Microplastic Pollution and Monitoring of Surface Seawater in Bohai Sea

微塑料(Microplastics, MPs)为粒径小于5 mm的塑料碎屑或颗粒。塑料垃圾在海洋中经一系列物理、化学反应或生物作用,分解碎化形成海洋微塑料。渤海为半封闭海域,与外海的交流能力较弱,渤海表层微塑料丰度明显高于黄海、东海和南海等其他开放海域,渤海的莱州湾、渤海湾和辽东湾三个湾区微塑料丰度也要高于其他典型湾区。文章综述了渤海微塑料的丰度、粒径、形状、化学成分、颜色等统计结果,并阐述微塑料在海水中分布会对海洋生态环境带来的危害。最后比较分析了显微镜法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和拉曼光谱等目前微塑料主流分析方法适用范围。

Microplastics(MPs)are plastic debris or particles with a particle size of less than 5 mm.Plastic waste undergoes a series of physical,chemical or biological reactions in the ocean,decomposing and breaking down to form marine microplastics.The Bohai Sea is a semi enclosed sea area with weak communication ability with the open sea.The abundance of microplastics in the surface of the Bohai Sea is significantly higher than other open sea areas such as the Yellow Sea,East China Sea,and South China Sea.The abundance of microplastics in the Laizhou Bay,Bohai Bay,and Liaodong Bay areas of the Bohai Sea is also higher than other typical bay areas.The article reviews the statistical results of the abundance,particle size,shape,chemical composition,and color of microplastics in the Bohai Sea,and elaborates on the harm that the distribution of microplastics in seawater can bring to the marine ecological environment.Finally,a comparative analysis was conducted on the applicability of mainstream microplastic analysis methods such as microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and Raman spectroscopy.