1978年以来党鼓励支持引导非公有制经济发展述论

A Discussion on the CPC’s Encouragement,Support,and Guidance of the Development of Non-Public Economy Since 1978

改革开放初期,中国共产党突破单一公有制教条,允许个体、私营和外资经济发展,将其作为公有制经济必要的、有益的补充。1992年之后,非公有制经济得到更大发展,成为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,在活跃市场、促进就业等方面发挥了积极作用;但其自身的不规范问题以及与公有制经济的矛盾,也引发了争议。对此,中央于2002年提出“两个毫不动摇”,确立企业的投资主体地位,并在市场准入、要素使用和产权保护等方面颁行一系列法律法规和政策措施,鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展。随着中国经济发展进入新常态,中央在坚持“两个毫不动摇”的前提下,重点支持民营经济,全面深化改革以释放红利,实施减税降费等支持政策,全力为民营经济稳定预期、提振信心。在百年未有之大变局加速演进、世纪疫情严重冲击、国内经济发展方式艰难转型的复杂形势下,中共中央以更大决心力度支持非公有制经济尤其是民营经济发展。实践证明,非公有制经济在社会主义制度下能够得到更充分发展,但支持其发展应采用法治的手段,同时要注意辨别公有制与非公有制经济矛盾背后更为复杂的其他矛盾,对症下药,以法治的方式引导各类市场主体,形成助推中国式现代化的强大合力。

At the beginning of reform and opening up,the CPC broke through the doctrine of single public ownership,allowing the development of individual,private and foreign-funded economies,and taking them as a necessary and beneficial supplement to the public economy.After 1992,the non-public economy experienced greater development and became an important component of the socialist market economy,playing a positive role in activating the market and promoting employment.But its own non-standard issues and contradictions with the public ownership economy have also sparked controversy.In response,the central government put forward the policy of“Two Unwaverings”in 2002,establishing the status of enterprises as investment entities,and issued a series of laws,regulations,and policy measures in market access,factor utilization,and property rights protection to encourage,support,and guide the development of non-public economy.As China’s economic development enters a new normal,the central government focuses on supporting the private economy while adhering to the“Two Unwaverings”,comprehensively deepening reforms to release dividends,implementing support policies such as tax reduction and fee reduction,and making every effort to stabilize expectations and boost confidence in the private economy.In the complex situation of accelerating changes unseen in a century,severe impact of the pandemic in the century,and difficult transformation of the domestic economic development mode,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has shown greater determination to support the development of the non-public economy,especially the private economy.Practice has proved that the non-public economy can be more fully developed under the socialist system,but the means of rule of law should be used to support its development.At the same time,it is important to distinguish the more complex contradictions behind the public and non-public economic contradictions,to take targeted measures,and to guide various market entities in a legal manner to form a strong joint force that promotes Chinese path to modernization.