协商阶梯:农村集体产权制度改革中的协商民主

The Consultation Ladder:Consultative Democracy in the Reform of the Rural Collective Property Rights System

协商民主理论在不同场域表现出不同的协商实践,形成具有中国特色的协商形式。在农村集体产权制度改革中,在不同改革阶段呈现出无协商、象征性协商和深度协商三种类型和差异,这种差异受到协商框架的影响,即协商主体的偏好―能力、协商议题的利益相关性、协商策略的情理―规则。不同的协商类型根据其组合程度形成告知、默认、咨询、劝抚、讨论、决策、审议等协商阶梯,阶梯越高其协商程度越深。中国的协商民主呈现出与西方不同的优势和特点,满足协商框架要素才能实现有效协商。

The theory of consultative democracy shows different consultative practice in different fields,and forms the consultative form with Chinese characteristics.In the reform of the rural collective property rights system,there are three types and differences in the different stages of the reform:non-consultation,symbolic consultation and in-depth consultation.These differences are influenced by the consultative framework,that is,the preference-ability of the consultative subject,the interest relevance of the consultative issue,and the reason-rule of consultative strategy.Different types of consultation form a consultation ladder according to their combination degree,including notification,default,consultation,persuasion,discussion,decision-making and deliberation.The higher the ladder is,the deeper the degree of consultation is.The consultative democracy in China has different advantages and characteristics from the consultative democracy in the west.Only when the elements of the consultative framework are satisfied can effective consultation be realized.