生物多样性保护公益诉讼的实践考察与完善对策

Practical Investigation and Improvement Strategies for Public Interest Litigation in Biodiversity Conservation

我国积极开展生物多样性保护公益诉讼实践,有力推动了生物多样性保护工作,促进了生态环境的可持续发展。其诉讼实践运作的关键点是,推进生物多样性保护及其诉讼的立法进程,建构诉讼的专门审判体系,以科技赋能诉讼活动,着力促进生态环境功能及时有效恢复。由于起步较晚,经验积累不足,此项诉讼实践也遭遇一些现实瓶颈,主要表现为公众参与诉讼的渠道不畅通,调查取证和鉴定评估困难,相关名录编制上的不足影响诉讼开展。对此,可选择如下对策予以解决和完善:实现主体多元化,以畅社会公众参与的渠道;从制度机制、技术手段等层面进行改进,提高取证鉴定工作水平;优化野生动植物保护名录的编制,为诉讼的开展提供更为健全的法律依据。

China has proactively implemented public interest litigation aimed at biodiversity conservation,which has significantly contributed to the protection of biodiversity and the sustainable development of the ecological environment.Key elements of this litigation practice include advancing the legislative framework for biodiversity conservation and related litigation,establishing a specialized judicial system for such cases,integrating technological tools into litigation processes,and prioritizing the timely and effective restoration of ecological functions.However,due to the relatively recent initiation of these efforts and limited accumulated experience,this litigation practice faces several practical challenges.These challenges are primarily reflected in the inadequate mechanisms for public participation in litigation,difficulties in investigation,evidence collection,identification,and evaluation,as well as shortcomings in the preparation of relevant directories that support the litigation process.To address and mitigate these issues,several countermeasures are proposed:broadening the range of stakeholders involved to enhance public participation,strengthening institutional frameworks and technical methodologies to improve the quality of evidence collection and appraisal,and refining the compilation of wildlife protection lists to establish a more robust legal foundation for litigation development.