走向“简约的科层”:简约治理何以矫正基层形式主义

Towards"Minimalist Hierarchy":How to Correct Grassroots Formalism through Minimalist Governance

“科层”是现代组织的基本样态,是行政组织运行规则的基本底色,也是行政人员行为选择的基本逻辑。繁文缛节是科层制运行异化的集中体现,尤其反映在科层的终端——基层,与形式主义的滋生密切相关。如何在科层运行中摆脱繁文缛节、矫正形式主义,成为当前基层治理绕不开的现实之问。着眼于上级政府、基层群众和基层政府三类主体构建“结构—行动”分析框架,探寻基层形式主义的发生机理和治理机制。研究发现,在科层运行的压力结构下,上级政府、基层群众、基层政府内部都为基层运行带来了“逆向减能”并导致基层形式主义;而在简约治理结构下,三类主体都能为基层政府带来“正向赋能”并最终矫正基层形式主义。基层治理离不开科层运行,但科层运行必须走向“简约化”。要实现“简约的科层”,就要让上级政府放“心”,让基层群众享“惠”,让基层政府有“位”,减少繁文缛节、增加基层自主,强化正向赋能,最终让基层真抓实干。

"Hierarchical hierarchy"is the basic form of modern organizations,the fundamental color of the operating rules of administrative organizations,and the basic logic of the behavior choices of administrative personnel.The red tape is a concentrated manifestation of the alienation of the bureaucratic system,especially reflected at the grassroots level,which is closely related to the breeding of formalism.How to break free from formalities and correct formalism in the operation of bureaucracy has become a practical issue that cannot be avoided in current grassroots governance.This article is based on the"structure-action"analysis framework of the superior government,the public at the grassroots level,and the grassroots government,exploring the mechanism and governance mechanism of grassroots formalism.Research has found that under the pressure structure of hierarchical operation,the higher-level government,the public at the grassroots level,and within the grassroots govermment all bring about"reverse energy reduction"and lead to grassroots formalism;Under a minimalist governance structure,all three types of entities can bring positive empowerment to grassrots governments and ultimately correct grassroots formalism.Grassroots governance cannot be separated from bureaucratic operation,but bureaucratic operation must move towards simplification.To achieve"minimalist bureaucracy",it is necessary to reassure the higher-level government,allow the general public and grassroots people to enjoy benefits,give the grassroots government a place,reduce red tape,increase grassroots autonomy,strengthen positive empowerment,and ultimately enable the grassroots to truly implement practical measures.