三元辩证视角下晚清旅华游记中的城市空间探析——以《李希霍芬中国旅行日记》为据

The Study of Urban Space of the Journey Notes from China in the Late Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Ternary Dialectics:Based on the Ferdinand von Richthofen’s Travelling Diaries of China

德国著名地质学家李希霍芬在华活动范围广泛,其游记《李希霍芬中国旅行日记》从多个方面记述了晚清城市空间的状况。运用列斐伏尔的空间三元辩证法,从空间性实践、空间的表征、表征的空间三个维度审视李希霍芬中国游记中的城市空间。主要探析城市格局、景观风貌与物质环境(诸如标志性建筑物和基础设施)、城市本身的象征属性(诸如空间隔离、伦理道德和规则规范),以及城市居民畸形的日常生活和对西方殖民者的反抗等三个方面。李希霍芬以西方殖民者的傲世态度看待中国,对城市空间的描述较为负面;分析李希霍芬游记中的晚清城市空间,对于研究晚清城市和中国形象具有一定的参考意义。

The famous German geologist Richthofen had a wide range of activities in China,and his Ferdinand von Richthofen’s Travelling Diaries of China described the state of urban space in the late Qing Dynasty from multiple aspects.Using Lefebvre's spatial ternary dialectics,this paper examines the urban space in Richthofen's Chinese travelogues from three dimensions:spatial practice,spatial representation and space of representation.Three main aspects are explored:the urban pattern,landscape and physical environment(such as iconic buildings and infrastructures),the symbolic attributes of the city itself(such as spatial segregation,ethics,and norms),as well as the monstrous daily lives of the city dwellers and their resistance to the Western colonizers.Richthofen viewed China with the arrogance of Western colonizers,resulting in a more negative description of urban space.Analyzing the urban space of the late Qing Dynasty in Richthofen's diaries has certain significance for studying the cities and images of China in the late Qing Dynasty.