明清时期福建宗教信仰文化在海外传播的历史考察

A Historical Investigation on the Overseas Spread of Fujian Religious Beliefs and Culture during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期福建宗教信仰文化大规模向东南亚、琉球与日本等国传播,成了中华传统文化向海外传播的一个重要标志。这种传播主要是基于福建向海外移民的历史背景、通过移民在祖籍地所崇祀的神祇“分身”或“分香”方式予以实现,其外传的途径与福建海外移民的迁徙路线大体一致。福建沿海各地的主要民间神祇伴随移民传往海外后,逐步形成了一个个海外福建宗教信仰文化圈,呈现出祖籍地神祇信仰、血缘祖先崇拜、实用功利性、多元融合性等特点。海外福建移民在寓居地积极创建各种祖籍地的庙宇,参与各种族亲宗教信仰等活动,在积极促进中外文化交流、维护华侨社会团结、保障华侨基本权益、形成强大的中华民族凝聚力和文化认同感等方面,均发挥了不可替代的历史作用,产生了深远影响。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Fujian religious beliefs and culture spread to Southeast Asia,Ryukyu,Japan and other countries on a large scale,becoming an important symbol of the overseas spread of Chinese traditional culture.This spread was mainly based on the historical background of Fujian's overseas immigration and was achieved through the“incarnation”or“incense”of the gods worshipped by immigrants in their ancestral places.The way of spreading was roughly consistent with the migration route of Fujian overseas immigrants.After the main folk gods from coastal areas of Fujian were spread overseas with immigrants,they gradually formed a series of overseas cultural circles,showing the characteristics of ancestral god belief,blood ancestor worship,practical utilitarianism,and multi-integration.Overseas Fujian immigrants actively created various temples of their ancestral places in their places of residence and participated in various religious beliefs of their relatives.They played an irreplaceable historical role in actively promoting cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries,maintaining the unity of overseas Chinese society,protecting the basic rights and interests of overseas Chinese,and forming a strong cohesion and cultural identity of the Chinese nation,and had a far-reaching impact.