育苗基质配比对两种育苗方式下丝瓜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of seedling substrate ratio on the growth of Luffa cylindrica seedling under two seedling methods

旨在筛选适合湖南地区的低成本、能够培育优质丝瓜穴盘苗和水培苗的复合基质配方,为丝瓜育苗栽培提供理论和实践依据。采用商品育苗基质为对照(CK),以草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩为原料自行配制11种不同比例的基质,分别采用穴盘、漂浮育苗两种方式,育苗结束后取样观察不同处理丝瓜幼苗的形态特征,测定其农艺性状及生理指标,并采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明,不同配比复合基质的理化性质基本上符合育苗基质的要求。利用主成分分析对幼苗各项指标进行综合分析并计算综合得分,穴盘育苗方式下丝瓜幼苗各项指标的综合排名为CK>T1>T10>T8>T7>T3>T6>T11>T2>T9>T4>T5,漂浮育苗方式下丝瓜幼苗各项指标的综合排名为T11>T1>CK>T6>T9>T3>T10>T7>T8>T2>T5>T4。在丝瓜穴盘育苗中,最优复合基质配比为T1处理(V_(草炭)∶V_(蛭石)∶V_(珍珠岩)=1∶1∶1);在漂浮育苗中,最优复合基质配比为T11处理(V_(草炭)∶V_(蛭石)∶V_(珍珠岩)=3∶2∶2)。

The aim of this study was to select a low-cost composite substrate formulation suitable for cultivate high-quality Luffa seedling in cavity trays and hydroponics seedling in Hunan region,providing a theoretical and practical basis for Luffa seedling cultivation.Using commercial seedling growing medium as control(CK),11 different proportions of substrates were prepared from the raw materials of peat,vermiculite and perlite.Two methods of seedling cultivation were used,namely hole tray and floating seedling cultivation.After the seedling cultivation,the morphological characteristics of different treatments of Luffa seedling were observed,and their agronomic traits and physiological indicators were determined.And the membership function method was used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the composite substrates with different ratios basically met the requirements of seedling nursery substrates.Using principal component analysis to comprehensively analyze the various indicators of seedlings and calculate the comprehensive score,the comprehensive ranking of various indicators of Luffa seedling under hole tray nursery was CK>T1>T10>T8>T7>T3>T6>T11>T2>T9>T4>T5,and that under floating nursery was T11>T1>CK>T6>T9>T3>T10>T7>T8>T2>T5>T4.The optimal composite substrate ratio for Luffa was T1(V_(grass charcoal)∶V_(vermiculite)∶V_(perlite)=1∶1∶1)in hole tray nursery seedling and T11(V_(grass charcoal)∶V_(vermiculite)∶V_(perlite)=3∶2∶2)in floating seedling.