不同集雨方式对旱作区马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of different rainfall-harvesting patterns on agronomic traits and yield of potato in dryland areas

宁南山区马铃薯种植主要采用起垄覆膜的栽培模式,但由于地膜的阻隔,降雨直接从垄面流向垄沟,导致水分利用率低,影响马铃薯产量。针对旱作区马铃薯生产中自然降水利用率低的问题,以青薯9号为材料,采用随机区组试验设计,设置了传统起垄覆膜(CK)、垄面集雨覆黑膜(T1)和垄面集雨覆渗水膜(T2)3种集雨方式,测定了3种集雨方式对马铃薯土壤含水量、酶活性和马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,垄面集雨覆黑膜和覆渗水膜的种植方式均可提高马铃薯土壤含水量和土壤酶活性,改善马铃薯农艺性状,从而增加产量。其中,垄面集雨覆黑膜处理的产量最高,达1543.16 kg·667 m^(-2),较CK提高了44.04%,比覆渗水膜更有效地增加产量。综上所述,垄面集雨覆黑膜的种植方式优于覆渗水膜,可以提高水分利用率,这为马铃薯高产高效栽培提供了参考依据。

Potato cultivation in the Ningnan mountainous area mainly adopts the cultivation mode of ridge covering and film mulching.However,due to the barrier of the film mulching,rainfall flows directly from the ridge surface to the furrow,resulting in low water utilization and affecting potato yield.To address the problem of low water utilization of natural precipitation in potato production in dryland areas,QS9 was used as the material,and a randomized block experiment design was adopted to set up three rain harvesting modes,namely,traditional ridge cover film(CK),rain catchment on the ridge covered by black film(T1)and rain catchment on the ridge covered by water seepage film(T2).The effects of the three rain harvesting modes on potato soil water content,enzyme activity,and agronomic traits of potato as well as potato yield were determined.The results showed that both rain-fed black film and water-permeable film planting methods could increase the soil water content and enzyme activity of the potato soil layer,improve the agronomic properties of potato,and thus increase the yield.The yield of rain-fed black film was the highest,reaching 1543.16 kg·667 m^(-2),which was 44.04%higher than CK,and more effective in increasing yield than the water-permeable film.In conclusion,the planting method of rain-fed black film on ridges is superior to that of water-permeable film,and can improve the water utilization rate,which provides a practical reference for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of potato.