不同土壤改良剂对武穴佛手山药连作障碍的防控效果

Prevention and control effects of different soil amendments on continuous cropping obstacles of Wuxue Buddha's Hand yam

以武穴佛手山药为材料,从山药农艺性状、糊头程度、产量品质以及土壤氮、钾利用率等方面探讨了松土精、哈茨木霉、腐植酸、甲壳素、聚谷氨酸等6种土壤改良剂对武穴佛手山药连作障碍的防控效果。结果表明,6种土壤改良剂都能有效提高氮肥、钾肥的利用率;腐植酸和甲壳素可分别降低山药块茎长度25.75%和21.44%,聚谷氨酸原液可增加山药块茎宽度47.28%,甲壳素可增加块茎厚度35.31%,松土精可增加山药块茎鲜质量13.30%;不同处理山药可溶性蛋白质、维生素C、可溶性糖含量较对照均有明显增加,其中腐殖酸和甲壳素显著提高山药品质;6种土壤改良剂可使山药糊头程度较对照降低33.58%~84.38%,商品产量较对照增加3.27%~18.01%。综上所述,土壤改良剂可有效缓解山药连作障碍,实现提质增产,其中松土精最具增产潜力;腐殖酸和甲壳素对山药品质的改善具有一定促进作用,聚谷氨酸可显著提高山药商品率。

This experiment utilizes Wuxue Foshou yam as the material to investigate the control effects of six soil amendments,including soil loosening agent,Trichoderma harzianum,humic acid,chitin,and polyglutamic acid on the continuous cropping obstacles of Wuxue Foshou yam in terms of agronomic traits,paste-like head degree,yield quality,and soil nitrogen as well as potassium utilization rates.The results indicate that all six soil amendments can effectively improve the utilization rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.Humic acid and chitin can reduce the length of yam tubers by 25.75%and 21.44%,respectively.Polyglutamic acid can increase the width of yam tubers by 47.28%,chitin can increase tuber thickness by 35.31%and soil loosening agent can increase the fresh mass of yam tubers by 13.30%.Compared with the control,the soluble protein,vitamin C,and soluble sugar content of yams treated with different amendments have significantly increased,with humic acid and chitin significantly improving the quality of yams.The six soil amendments can reduce the paste-like head degree of yams by 33.58%to 84.38%compared with the control,and increase the commercial yield by 3.27%to 18.01%.In summary,soil amendments can effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of yams,achieve quality improvement and yield increase,among which soil loosening agent has the greatest potential for yield increase.Humic acid and chitin have a certain promoting effect on yam quality,and polyglutamic acid can significantly increase the commercial rate of yams.