直升机涵道尾桨永磁同步电机设计与仿真

Design and Simulation of Helicopter Culvert Tail Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

针对直升机涵道尾桨机械传动系统传动链长、噪声大、结构复杂、传动轴刚度差和安装维护周期长等缺陷,设计一种适用于直升机涵道尾桨的永磁同步电机。通过探究悬停工况下电机主要尺寸与尾桨桨叶长度、宽度以及安装角度的关系,明确一定范围内电机主要尺寸最小时的功率、转矩和转速;采用分数槽集中绕组进一步提升了功率密度,基于14极18槽完成了电机设计。建立电磁场和温度场有限元仿真模型,验证电磁设计的合理性以及永磁体分段降温的有效性。与未分段相比,当永磁体沿周向分4段时,永磁体平均温度降低了55.43%。结果表明:该电机功率密度较高,输出特性良好并且温升较低,能够长时间可靠运行。

With regard to the defects of the mechanical transmission system of helicopter culvert tail rotor,such as long transmission chain,big noise,complex structure,poor transmission shaft stiffness and long installation and maintenance cycle,a permanent magnet synchronous motor suitable for helicopter culvert tail rotor was designed.By exploring the relationship between main size of the motor and the length,width and installation angle of the tail rotor blades under hovering condition,the power,torque and speed with the smallest main size of the motor in a certain range were clarified.The fractional slot concentrated winding was used to further improve the power density.The motor design was completed based on 14 pole 18 slot.And the finite element simulation model of electromagnetic field and temperature field was established to verify the rationality of electromagnetic design and the effectiveness of segmented cooling of permanent magnet.Compared with the non-segmentation,when the permanent magnet was divided into 4 parts along the circumference,the average temperature of the permanent magnet was reduced by 55.43%.The results show that the designed motor has high power density,good output characteristics,low temperature rise and reliable operation with duration.