采动条件下断层构造对采场及沿空巷道围岩影响研究

Study on Influence of Fault Structure on Gob-side Roadway Surrounding Rock under Mining Conditions

为探究采动应力与断层构造对采场及沿空巷道的耦合作业特征,以土城矿为背景,依托相似模拟简化试验,探究了采场垂直应力的分布规律与沿空巷道围岩变形规律。采用数值模拟方法,对复杂地质环境下的断层滑移特征与围岩变形进行分析。结果表明:在断层固定的条件下,断层位置不会对采场应力分布与巷道顶板位移产生明显影响;FD6断层在煤层开采中逐渐产生滑移空间,而保护煤柱的留设尺寸是防止断层滑移的关键;采空区的覆岩下沉将会导致FD8断层发生滑移,应限制下沉幅度,必要时可采取充填作业对采空区覆岩进行支撑,以防止断层滑移;断层滑移影响下,巷道普遍存在底板大量鼓起的特征,断层切向应力影响下,巷道围岩的顶板呈现出倾斜变形特征。研究结果可为矿山安全防治提供参考。

In order to explore the coupling operation characteristics of mining stress and fault structure on gob-side roadway,the distribution law of vertical stress in stope and the deformation law of surrounding rock of gob-side roadway are investigated based on the Tucheng Mine and the similar simulation and simpli-fied test.By using numerical simulation method,the characteristics of fault slip and deformation of surround-ing rock under complex geological environment are analyzed.The results show that under the condition of fixed fault,the location of fault has no obvious influence on the stress distribution of stope and the displace-ment of roadway roof.The slip space of FD6 fault occurs gradually in coal seam mining,and the size of coal pillar is the key to prevent the slip of fault.The subsidence of overlying rock in goaf will lead to the slip of FD8 fault,and the subsidence amplitude should be limited.If necessary,the overlying rock in goaf can be supported by filling operation to prevent fault slip.Under the influence of fault slip,the floor of the roadway generally has the characteristics of large bulging,and under the influence of fault tangential stress,the roof of the surrounding rock of the roadway presents the characteristics of inclined deformation.The research re-sults can provide reference for mine safety prevention and control.