我国反兴奋剂综合防控体系建设研究

Research on the Construction of China’s Comprehensive Anti-Doping Prevention and Control System

建设中国反兴奋剂综合防控体系是遏制兴奋剂问题的重要手段。研究基于我国反兴奋剂防控体系建设中立法防控不充分、执法防控不规范、司法防控不完善、守法防控不全面的内在困囿,以及反兴奋剂综合防控体系建设的外在需求,结合国内外法律政策与实践经验,提出建设综合政律、他律、互律及自律的反兴奋剂防控体系。政律层面,健全防控法规体系,厘清政府责任边界,构建问责机制;他律层面,重视运动心理学者预防作用,发挥新闻媒体监督作用,畅通公众监督路径;互律层面,建立反兴奋剂互律组织,创新互律运行机制,丰富互律手段;自律层面,依托道德干预提高体育运动参加者自觉意识,教育干预丰富防控知识,心理干预强化预期负罪感,最终建设“四律一体”依法防控的反兴奋剂综合防控体系,为提升中国反兴奋剂防控水平奠定基础。

Building a comprehensive anti-doping prevention and control system in China is the important means of defense against doping.This study addresses both the internal challenges in China’s anti-doping framework—such as insufficient legislative measures,non-standard enforcement,incomplete judicial oversight,and inadequate compliance measures—and the external need for constructing a more robust prevention and control system.By analyzing domestic and international legal policies and practical experiences,the study proposes a comprehensive anti-doping prevention and control system based on four interrelated principles:government regulation,social supervision,peer supervision,and self-discipline.At the government regulation level,the study emphasizes the need to strengthen the legal framework,clearly define governmental responsibilities,and establish effective accountability mechanisms.At the social supervision level,it underscores the importance of sports psychologists in prevention,the media’s supervisory role,and creating accessible public reporting channels.At the peer supervision level,it advocates for the creation of peer supervision organizations,the innovation of supervisory mechanisms,and the diversification of supervision methods.At the self-discipline level,it recommends moral interventions to raise awareness among sports participants,educational interventions to expand anti-doping knowledge,and psychological interventions to heighten anticipated guilt related to doping behavior.The ultimate objective is to construct a comprehensive anti-doping prevention and control system that integrates these four-pronged approaches,laying a solid foundation for enhancing China’s anti-doping control efforts.