中国提供国际公共产品的政治经济学分析

Political Economics Analysis of China's Supply of International Public Goods

面对当前国际公共产品供给赤字严重的现状,迫切需要找到一个行之有效的解决方案。传统公共产品理论着力解释国家层面的公共产品供给与需求问题,囿于民族国家的局限,不能直接用于解释国际公共产品提供所面临的一系列问题。国际公共产品的本质是公共产品,只是受益群体是国际范围内的国家和地区。基于马克思公共产品思想,从公共产品的供给目的角度看,能够满足公共利益需求的就是公共产品,能够满足国际公共利益需求的就是国际公共产品。国家公共产品与国际公共产品的区别在于提供的主体与方式、强制程度、激励因素等有所不同。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,始终致力于打造互利共赢的国际格局,有责任和义务在能力范围内提供部分国际公共产品以满足国际社会的公共需要,并推动国际公共产品供给模式创新。同时也要注意,在提供国际公共产品的过程中,应当有所为有所不为,谨慎处理与各国的竞争和合作边界,与世界各国一道致力于构建“人类命运共同体”。

In the face of the current status of serious deficit in the supply of international public goods,it is urgent to find an effective solution.Traditional public goods theory focuses on explaining the supply and demand of public goods at the national level,which is constrained by the limitations of the national states,making it impossible for the theory to be directly used to explain a series of problems faced by the supply of international public goods.International public goods are pubic goods in essence,but the beneficiary groups are countries and regions on an international scale.Based on Marx's thought on public goods,from the perspective of the purpose of the supply of public goods,what can meet the needs of public interests are public goods and what can meet the needs of international public interests are international public goods.The differences between national public goods and international public goods lie in the aspects such as the subjects and methods of supply,the degree of coercion,and the incentive factors.As the largest developing country in the world,China has always been committed to creating a mutually beneficial and win-win international pattern,and has the responsibility and obligation to provide some international public goods within its capacity to meet the public needs of the international community,and promote the innovation of the international public goods supply model.At the same time,it should also be noted that in the process of supplying international public goods,it is necessary to do some things and leave some things undone.China should carefully handle the boundaries of competition and cooperation with other countries,and work together with other countries to build a"community with a shared future for mankind".