“苏联模式”的“生产资料公有制”的缺陷与历史意义

The Defects and Historical Significance of the"Public ownership of the Means of Production"under the"Soviet Mode"

“苏联模式”的“生产资料公有制”是人类20世纪最伟大的创举,受苏联特殊历史条件和理论认识局限的制约,实行半个多世纪后因其内在缺陷而失败。通过考察“苏联模式”的“生产资料公有制”的创行者和论证者对马克思“重新建立个人所有制”基本理念的误解,指出其理论上的基础性偏差;进而分析其理论和制度权利体系的缺陷,指出正是因为这些缺陷的不能及时、正确克服,导致其失败。但这种失败并不等于劳动者为主体的社会变革运动的终结,更不能说明资本私有制将永恒存续。“苏联模式”的“生产资料公有制”从实践上证明了劳动者成为社会主体、建立劳本主义制度的可能性和必然性。

The"public ownership of the means of production"under the,"Soviet mode"was the greatest pioneering work of mankind in the 2Oth century,but it failed after more than half a century of implementation because of its inherent defect due to the constraints of the special historical conditions and limitations of theoretical cognition of the Soviet Union.By examining the misunderstanding of Marx's basic concept of"re-establishing individual ownership by the creators and demonstrators of the"public ownership of the means of production"under the"Soviet mode",and pointing out the basic deviations of the theory,this article further analyses the defects of its theoretical and institutional right system and points out that its failure was precisely caused by the fact that these defects could not be overcome in a timely and correct manner.However,such failure did not mean the end of the social reform movement with the laborers as the main subject,let alone the eternal existence of private ownership of capital.The"public ownership of the means of production"under the"Soviet mode"proved in practice the possibility and inevitability of the laborers becoming the main subject of society and establishing a labor-oriented system.