论冯梦龙改编张凤翼《灌园记》的缘由与得失

On the Reasons,Gains and Losses of Feng Menglong's Adaptation of Zhang Fengyi's"Guanyuan Ji"

冯梦龙改编张凤翼《灌园记》为《新灌园》,原因有三:冯梦龙儒士经历和文学家身份的影响使其十分注重剧作忠孝志节的思想和文本情理结构的贯通;《灌园记》在明末具有广泛的观众基础和市场空间,但在文学性和道德性上具有明显缺陷,难以继续流播;晚明社会崇尚戏曲教化功能,反对不合礼法的描写。受此影响冯梦龙对《灌园记》进行改动。改编后的《新灌园》弥补了原剧的不足,使其成为符合道德要求和时代审美的作品。但也招致《新灌园》过于强调教化主题、对原作改动过大、更偏重舞台表演的质疑。综合各种评价,冯梦龙的改编“得”多于“失”,《新灌园》的存在依然有重要意义。

There were three reasons for Feng Menglong's adaptation of Zhang Fengyi's"Guanyuan Ji"as"New Guanyuan".Feng Menglong's experience as a Confucian scholar and his status as a literary figure led him to place great emphasis on the integration of themes of loyalty and filial piety in his dramatic works,as well as the coherence of textual logic and emotional structure."Guanyuan Ji"had a broad audience base and market space in the late Ming Dynasty,but it had significant literary and moral deficiencies that made it difficult to continue to be widely circulated.In the late Ming Dynasty,the society highly valued the educational function of opera and opposed descriptions that violated rituals and laws.Influenced by this,Feng Menglong would inevitably make changes to"Guanyuan Ji".The adapted"New Guanyuan"greatly compensated for the deficiencies of the original play,making it a work that conforms to moral requirements and the aesthetic tastes of the time.However,some have questioned"New Guanyuan"for over-emphasizing the theme of education,making significant changes to the original,and focusing more on stage performance.But taking all evaluations into consideration,Feng Menglong's adaptation still has more"gains"than"losses",and the existence of"New Guanyuan"still holds a significant meaning.