2017—2021年苏州市食品致病生物因子监测结果分析

Surveillance of pathogenic biological factors in foods in Suzhou City from 2017 to 2021

目的了解苏州市不同环节食品中致病生物因子污染状况,为食品安全风险评估、预警提供科学依据。方法2017—2021年,在苏州市种养殖、生产加工、流通和餐饮环节共采集27类食品样品,根据《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》对食品中常见食源性致病菌、寄生虫及病毒等致病生物因子污染状况进行检测。结果5年共采集27类2797份食品样品,323份检出致病生物因子,总检出率11.55%,1种和≥2种致病生物因子检出率分别为10.48%、1.07%。种养殖环节检出率最高(14.29%),其次为流通环节(13.37%)、餐饮环节(5.05%)、生产加工环节(0.69%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=40.60,P<0.05)。流通环节各采样点以网店检出率最高(17.57%),其次为农贸市场(16.56%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=20.14,P<0.05)。有16类样品检出致病生物因子,以动物血液检出率最高(35.00%),其次为双壳类、甲壳类及螺类(34.13%),再次为冲调谷物制品(24.21%)。监测24种致病生物因子检出14种。356个阳性结果中,以副溶血性弧菌(占41.01%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(占13.48%)、蜡样芽胞杆菌(12.92%)为主。散装食品检出率(14.29%)高于预包装食品(4.74%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=51.50,P<0.05)。结论苏州市部分环节食品中存在一定程度致病生物因子污染,动物血液、双壳类、甲壳类及螺类、冲调谷物制品等食品中致病生物因子污染较为严重,以副溶血性弧菌、溶藻弧菌、异尖线虫等生物因子为主,应加强网店、农贸市场和散装食品的监管。

Objective To investigate the contamination of pathogenic biological factors in foods at different processes in Suzhou City,so as to provide insights into the risk assessment and forecasting of food safety.Methods Twenty-seven classes of food sampleswere collected during planting and breeding,manufacturing and processing,circulation and catering proceduresin Suzhou City from 2017 to 2021.The contamination of pathogenic biological factors was detected in foods according to National Working Manual for Food Pollution and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring,including common food-borne pathogenic bacteria,parasite and virus.Results A total of 2797 food samples were collected during the 5-year study period,and the overall detection of pathogenic biological factors was 11.55%(323/2797),with a 10.48%detection rate of a single pathogenic biological factor and 1.07%detection rate of two and more pathogenic biological factors.The highest detection of pathogenic biological factors was seen during planting and breeding procedures(14.29%),followed by at circulation(13.37%),catering(5.05%)and manufacturing and processing procedures(0.69%)(χ^(2)=40.60,P<0.05).At different sampling sites during the circulation procedure,the highest detection was seen in online stores(17.57%),followed by in agricultural trade markets(16.56%)(χ^(2)=20.14,P<0.05).Pathogenic biological factors were detected in 16 classes of food samples,and the highest detection was seen in animal blood(35.00%),followed by in bivalves,crustaceans and snails(34.13%)and punching grain products(24.21%).There were 14 out of 24 types of pathogenic biological factors detected in food samples,and there were 356 food samples detected with pathogenic biological factors,withVibrio parahaemolyticus(41.01%),Listeria monocytogenes(13.48%)and Bacillus cereus as predominant pathogenic biological factors.In addition,the detection ofpathogenic biological factors was higher in bulk foods than in prepackaged foods(14.29%vs.4.74%;χ^(2)=52.50,P<0.05).Conclusions Contamination of pathogenic biological factors is detected in foods in Suzhou City,and high-level contaminations of pathogenic biological factors are found in animal blood,bivalves,crustaceans and snails,and punching grain products.V.parahaemolyticus,V.alginolyticus and Anisakis are predominant biological factors.The supervision of online stores,agricultural trade markets and bulk foods should be given a high priority.