医学生暑期体育锻炼与心理健康状况及其相关性研究

Status of physical exercises during summer holidays and mental health and their correlations among medical students

目的分析医学生暑期体育锻炼与心理健康状况及其相关性,为改善医学生心理健康状况提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取某医科高校1121名学生,使用一般情况调查表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版(DASS-21)、体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)进行问卷调查。结果1121名调查对象中,体育锻炼不足、中等运动量、大运动量分别占76.4%、14.1%、9.5%;是否独生子女、不同性别、生源地、每月可支配金额、家庭关系状况、自觉身体状况者体育锻炼不足的检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值为11.16~89.21,P值均<0.05)。抑郁、焦虑、压力检出率分别为25.0%、38.3%、13.6%,不同家庭关系状况、自觉身体状况的学生抑郁、焦虑、压力检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)值为48.63~113.52,P值均<0.05),不同年级学生抑郁检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.93,P<0.05)。体育活动等级PARS-3评分与抑郁评分评分(rs=-0.16,P<0.01)、焦虑评分(rs=-0.12,P<0.01)、压力评分(rs=-0.10,P=0.01)均呈负相关。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、体育锻炼、家庭关系状况、自觉身体状况与抑郁、焦虑均有统计学关联,家庭关系状况、自觉身体状况与压力均有统计学关联(OR值为0.71~2.29,P值均<0.05)。结论医学生暑期体育锻炼不足较普遍,抑郁、焦虑、压力检出率高,积极的体育锻炼对心理健康促进作用。

Objective To investigate the status of physical exercises during summer holidays and mental health and their correlations among medical students,so as to provide insights into improvements in mental health among medical students.Methods A total of 1121 medical students were sampled form a university using a random,stratified,cluster sampling method.Questionnaire surveys were performed using General Information Survey Forms,simplified Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS21)and Physical Activity Rating Scale(PARS-3).Results A total of 1121 subjects were enrolled,and the proportions of insufficient,moderate-intensity and high-intensity physical exercises were 76.4%,14.1%and 9.5%among participants,respectively.There were significant differences in the detection of insufficient physical exercises in terms of single child,gender,origin of students,monthly disposable money,family relations and self-rated physical status(χ~2=11.16to 89.21,all Pvalues<0.05).The prevalence of depression,anxiety and stress was 25.0%,38.3%and 13.6%among participants,and there were significant differences in the detection of depression,anxiety and stress in terms of family relations and self-rated physical status(χ~2=48.63 to 113.52,all Pvalues<0.05).There was a grade-specific detection rate of depression among medical students(χ~2=8.93,P<0.05),and PARS-3 scores negatively correlated with depression(r_s=-0.16,P<0.01),anxiety(r_s=-0.12,P<0.01)and stress scores(r_s=-0.10,P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender,physical exercise,family relations and self-rated physical status were significantly associated with depression and anxiety,and family relations and self-rated physical status were significantly associated with stress(OR=0.71 to 2.29,all P values<0.05).Conclusions Insufficient physical exercises are common and the detection of depression,anxiety and stress is low among medical students during summer holidays.Active physical exercises may promote mental health.