上海市浦东新区2017—2023年蚊虫监测结果分析

Analysis of mosquito surveillance in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2017 to 2023

目的掌握浦东新区蚊虫密度、蚊种构成及季节消长规律,以评估蚊媒疾病风险,为蚊虫防控工作提供指导依据。方法采用CO_(2)诱蚊灯在浦东新区47家社区监测点和杨思医院开展成蚊监测,对2017—2023年蚊虫的时间分布、种群密度及生境分布进行比较,分析种群构成及季节消长规律。蚊密度的比较采用单因素方差分析。结果共捕获成蚊23107只(雌20661/雄2446),平均雌蚊密度为3.17只/(台·夜)。淡色库蚊为浦东新区优势蚊种,占比81.68%。不同年份不同蚊种蚊密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但均以淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊为主。蚊虫密度的季节消长呈单峰分布,淡色库蚊和白纹伊蚊的密度高峰分别出现在6月和7月。各类生境间的成蚊密度差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),牲畜棚密度最高,达到6.46只/(台·夜)。结论浦东新区的蚊种以淡色库蚊为主,牲畜棚为重点控制场所,6—7月为蚊虫活动高峰期,可根据蚊虫的生境分布和季节消长规律开展科学防控。

Objective To understand the density,species composition and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Pudong New Area,so as to assess the risk of mosquito-borne diseases and provide guidance for mosquito control.Methods The mosquito density was monitored by using CO_(2) mosquito trapping lamps in 47 community surveillance sites and Yangsi Hospital in Pudong New Area.The temporal distribution,population density and habitat distribution of mosquitoes from 2017 to 2023 were compared,and the species composition and seasonal fluctuation were analyzed.The density of mosquitoes was compared by using the one-way analysis of variance.Results A total of 23107 adult mosquitoes(20661 for females/2446 for males)were captured,and the average density was 3.17 female mosquitoes/(trap·night).Culex pipiens pallens were the dominant species in Pudong New Area,accounting for 81.68%.There was a significant difference in population density of different years(P<0.05),but most of them were Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquito density showed a unimodal distribution,with peaks for Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes albopictus occurring in June and July,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in mosquito density among different habitats(P<0.001),and mosquito density was highest in livestock sheds[6.46 mosquitoes/(trap·night)].Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species in Pudong New Area,and livestock sheds was the key habitat for mosquito prevention and control.The peak period of mosquito activity was June and July.Scientific control and prevention can be carried out according to the habitat distribution and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes.