成都第31届世界大学生夏季运动会病媒生物监测与控制效果评估

Evaluation of vector surveillance and control in the 31st World University Summer Games in Chengdu

目的掌握成都第31届世界大学生夏季运动会(简称大运会)病媒生物防制工作开展情况及赛事区域内病媒生物携带病原体的现状,为日后大型活动的病媒生物防制保障工作提供实践经验及相关科学依据。方法于2023年6月中旬至7月下旬对大运会开、闭幕式及各赛事场馆等不同类型场所的病媒生物防制效果进行现场评估;利用Excel和SPSS 23.0软件处理数据,采用卡方检验、Fisher检验及Kruskal-Wallis检验进行数据分析。分别采用诱蚊灯法、双层叠帐法与夹夜法、笼捕法捕获蚊类、鼠类,采用研磨-磁珠法从蚊、鼠肺中提取核酸,并进行登革热病毒、西尼罗病毒、乙脑病毒、肾综合征出血热病毒的实时荧光PCR检测。结果6月室内鼠迹阳性率、蚊幼路径指数、成蚊停落指数、室内蟑迹阳性率均为最高,分别为0.92%、0.62处/km、0.71只/(人·次)、0.22%,且在不同类型场所间存在统计学差异(均P>0.05)。随着防控和评估工作的开展,以上病媒生物评估数据呈现逐轮下降趋势。同时,6月防鼠、防蝇设施合格率最低,分别为68.7%、50.63%,至7月下旬,合格率分别已达96.31%、95.16%。赛事所涉区域内赛前赛后不同时段所采集的生物样本中未检测到监测目标病毒。结论大运会各场所病媒生物防制效果较为显著,这与实行病媒生物综合防制策略密切相关。在日后类似的大型活动规划过程中建议尽早提出病媒生物防制相关专业要求,同时强调工作组间信息沟通的及时性,及时调整防控策略,保障各项活动顺利举行。

Objective To investigate the implementation of vector surveillance and control in the 31st World University Summer Games(Universiade)and the current status of vector-borne pathogens in the event area,so as to provide practical experience and scientific basis for vector control in future large-scale events.Methods The on-site evaluation data of vector control at the opening and closing ceremonies and various venues of the Universiade from mid-June to late-July 2023 were analyzed.An original database was established using Excel,and the data were processed using SPSS 23.0 software.Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square test,Fisher's exact test,and Kruskal-Wallis test.Mosquitoes and rodents were captured using the light trap method and the double-layered mosquito net method,the cage and clip trapping methods,respectively.Nucleic acids were extracted from mosquitoes and lung tissues of rodent using the grinding-magnetic bead method,and real-time fluorescence PCR detection of dengue virus,West Nile virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,and hantavirus was performed.Results The highest positive rate of indoor rodent track,mosquito larval density index,adult mosquito landing index,and positive rate of indoor cockroach track were 0.92%,0.62 per/km,0.71 mosquitoes per person-time and 0.22%,respectively,in June.There were statistically significant differences in the above data between different types of venues(all P>0.05).With the implementation of control and evaluation,the vector evaluation data showed a decreasing trend in each round.Meanwhile,the qualification rates for rodent and fly control facilities in June were the lowest,at 68.7%and 50.63%,respectively,and by late-July,the qualification rates had reached 96.31%and 95.16%,respectively.The targeted viruses were not detected in the biological samples collected before and after the events.Conclusion The vector control effectiveness of various venues of the Universiade was significant,which was closely related to the comprehensive vector control strategies.It is recommended to propose professional requirements for vector control in similar large-scale events as early as possible in the planning process,and to emphasize timely communication and adjustment of control strategies among working groups to ensure the smooth conduct of activities.