2015—2023年龙岩市常见鼠传疾病流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of common rodent-borne diseases in Longyan City from 2015 to 2023

目的了解龙岩市鼠传疾病的种类和流行特征,为鼠传疾病的防控及疫情处置提供依据。方法描述中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2015—2023年龙岩市鼠传疾病疫情报告资料的“三间分布”,使用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法进行比较分析。结果2015—2023年龙岩市共报告鼠传疾病病例670例,肾综合征出血热(HFRS)8例、钩体病18例、斑疹伤寒8例、恙虫病636例,无死亡病例和暴发疫情。各年度发病率先上升后下降(χ^(2)_(线性)=13.582,P<0.001),2021年达最高,恙虫病(χ^(2)_(线性)=11.590,P=0.001)的发病月份以6—10月为主(占65.4%);地区分布(χ^(2)=611.734,P<0.001)发病率最高分别为HFRS漳平市(0.18/10万)、钩体病武平县(0.52/10万)、斑疹伤寒永定区(0.10/10万)、恙虫病武平县(8.72/10万)。结论2015—2023年龙岩市常见鼠传疾病呈散发状态,发病水平相对平稳,呈下降趋势,但发病风险仍然存在,特别是武平县恙虫病和钩体病,需继续加强监测及预防控制。

Objective To investigate the species and epidemic characteristics of rodent-borne diseases in Longyan City,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods The“three distributions”of rodent-borne diseases reported in Longyan City from 2015 to 2023 in China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were described and used Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for comparative analysis.Results A total of 670 cases of rodent-borne diseases were reported in Longyan City from 2015 to 2023,including 8 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),18 cases of leptospirosis,8 cases of typhus and 636 cases of scrub typhus,without death and outbreak.The incidence increased first and then decreased(χ^(2)_(linear)=13.582,P<0.001),which reached the highest in 2021,and the incidence of scrub typhus(χ^(2)_(linear)=11.590,P=0.001)was mainly from June to October(65.4%).The regional distribution(χ^(2)=611.734,P<0.001)with the highest incidence were Zhangping City(HFRS,0.18/100000),Wuping County(leptospirosis,0.52/100000),Yongding District(typhus,0.10/100000),Wuping County(scrub typhus,8.72/100000).Conclusion The incidence of common rodent-borne diseases in Longyan City from 2015 to 2023 was relatively stable and showed a downward trend,but the risk still existed,especially the scrub typhus and the leptospirosis in Wuping County,which should be further monitored and controlled.