云南山地碳汇造林投入产出效率研究——基于DEA-Tobit模型的腾冲市农户实证分析

The Input-output Efficiency of Afforestation for Carbon Sink in Mountainous Regions in Yunnan Province-Empirical Analysis of Rural Households in Tengchong City Based on DEA-Tobit Model

在考虑碳汇生态价值补偿和林业生产效率的基础上,将碳汇收益纳入林业产出中,分析农户碳汇林投入产出效率的变动趋势。基于云南省腾冲市清洁发展机制小规模造林和再造林项目数据,分别运用三阶段DEA和Tobit模型对区域农户投入产出效率及其影响因素进行研究。研究表明,目前腾冲市农户碳汇造林生产经营处于规模效益上升阶段,投入产出效率值为0.598,较低的纯技术效率是制约生产效率提升的关键因素,不同项目区的生产效率存在显著差异;林业补贴政策对碳汇林生产效率具有显著正向影响,林地细碎化程度和采伐指标申请也对生产效率有积极作用,而市场距离和苗木价格对投入产出效率有负面影响。建议优化林业碳汇政策,提高农户参与碳汇造林的意愿,鼓励通过优化资源配置实现更高的投入产出效率,从而实现生态发展和农民增收的双赢。

⑴Background——Forest is an important carbon sink resource,and afforestation is an effective means to increase carbon absorption and rebuild carbon balance.Forestry carbon sink realizes the marketization of forest ecological value,and provides a new way to exert forest ecological and economic benefits.However,how to verify the concrete results of forestry carbon sink projects and how to measure the multiple benefits of carbon sink forests are realistic problems that need to be focused on and answered in the development of forestry carbon sink.At present,the research on forestry input-output efficiency mainly focuses on two aspects,one is the measurement of efficiency,the other is the exploration of the influencing factors of efficiency value,but there is still a lack of research on the input-output efficiency of rural households engaged in forestry carbon sink activities.⑵Methods——The research data came from the research group’s investigation in three towns of Tengchong City,Yunnan Province in April 2023,and a total of 380 valid questionnaires were obtained.The research objects were the rural households who participated in small-scale afforestation and reforestation projects in Tengchong City.Firstly,this paper constructed the evaluation indicator system of input-output.Then,the first stage BCC-DEA model was used to measure the input-output efficiency.In the second stage,the effects of environmental variables and random factors were assessed.In the third stage,the input-output efficiency was re-measured using adjusted input indicators.Finally,the key factors affecting input-output efficiency were discussed by using Tobit model.⑶Results——The production and management of carbon sink forestry of the rural households in Tengchong City is in the stage of increasing returns to scale,and the efficiency value of input-output is 0.598.Low pure technical efficiency is the key factor restricting the improvement of production efficiency.There are significant differences in production efficiency between different regions.Forestry subsidy policy has a significant positive impact on the production efficiency of carbon sink forestry,and the degree of forestland fragmentation and logging quota application also have a positive impact on the production efficiency of carbon sink forestry.However,market distance and seedling price have negative effects on input-output efficiency.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy suggestions are put forward:First,expand the advantages of economies of scale and improve the efficiency of resource utilization.Optimize the policies of forestland transfer and encourage non-forest farmers to transfer trees and contractual management rights of forestland.Second,coordinate the structure of production factors and realize the reasonable allocation of resources.The forest farm or village collective should provide systematic training and publicity to forest farmers,improve their project management level and related technologies,as well as the awareness of forestry carbon sink.Third,strengthen policy support to ensure the effective implementation of subsidies.Government departments should increase financial transfer payments to rural households in areas where forestry carbon sink projects are implemented,and increase the proportion of forestry transfer payments in their total household income.