自然保护区管制政策对周边农户生态保护行为的影响

The Impact of Regulation Policy of Nature Reserves on the Ecological Protection Behavior of the Farmers around Them

基于辽宁省6个自然保护区周边956个农户家庭微观调查数据,采用最小二乘法(OLS)与倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,探究自然保护区管制政策对周边农户生态保护行为的影响,分析农户生态认知在自然保护区对周边农户生态保护行为影响的中介效应。结果表明:自然保护区政策对自然保护区内农户的生态保护行为产生显著正向影响;自然保护区周边农户的生态保护行为是在其生态认知的影响下而形成的理性选择;不同等级的自然保护区管制政策和差异化的农户生计方式对自然保护区周边农户生态保护行为的影响具有异质性。基于此,提出开展宣传教育,引导农户树立正确的生态价值观;完善奖惩制度,发挥自然保护区政策激励和约束作用;提高自然保护区周边农户生态旅游经营参与率,推动绿色发展,促进人与自然和谐共生等政策建议。

⑴Background——The establishment of nature reserves is considered to be the most effective way to protect biodiversity and ecological environment.However,with the rapid growth of the number and area of nature reserves,the contradiction between resource protection and utilization has become prominent.The farmers in and around the nature reserves are not only the users of natural resources,but also the implementers of the regulation policies of nature reserves.The ecological protection behavior of the farmers will directly affect the implementation effect of the regulation policies of nature reserves.It is of great significance to explore the way to promote the ecological protection behavior of the farmers for the sustainable development of nature reserves.⑵Methods——The research hypotheses were put forward on the basis of theoretical analysis.Based on the questionnaire survey data of 956 rural households around 6 nature reserves in Liaoning Province,the least square method(OLS)and propensity score matching(PSM)method were used to explore the impact of the regulation policies of nature reserves on the ecological protection behavior of the farmers around them.The mediating effect model was used to analyze the mediation effect of the farmers’ecological cognition on the farmers’ecological protection behavior in nature reserves.The interaction terms were added to the regression model to explore the heterogeneity of ecological conservation behavior of the farmers with different levels of nature reserves and different livelihood modes.⑶Results——First,the coefficient of the regulation policies in nature reserves on the farmers’ecological protection behavior is significantly positive.After adding the control variables,the model is also significant at the 1%level.Second,the nearest neighbor matching,kernel matching and radius matching are used to estimate the average treatment effects on the treated(ATT)of the farmers’ecological protection behavior.The three matching methods all show that the regulation policies in nature reserves significantly promote the farmers’ecological protection behavior at the level of 1%.Third,the farmers’ecological cognition plays a part of the mediator effect in the regulation policies in nature reserves on the farmers’ecological protection behavior.Fourth,the level of nature reserves has heterogeneity on the farmers’ecological protection behavior.Fifth,the farmers’livelihood mode has heterogeneity on the farmers’ecological protection behavior.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy recommendations are put forward:First,strengthen the publicity and education of natural reserves for resource protection,enhance the policy cognition and ecological cognition of the farmers,and guide the farmers to establish correct ecological values.Second,improve the reward and punishment system of the nature reserves,and give full play to the incentive and restraint role of the regulation policies in nature reserves.Formulate reasonable ecological compensation policies,social security policies and subsidy policies,establish a scientific evaluation mechanism,and grant subsidies according to the ecological protection of the rural households.At the same time,strengthen the supervision and punishment of the nature reserves.Third,the farmers’ecotourism technology training should be carried out to improve their participation rate in ecotourism management,enhance their profitability in ecotourism management,and encourage the farmers to adopt less traditional livelihood methods that have negative impacts on ecology.