现代化海洋牧场增养殖方式及用海分类体系探讨

Exploration of modern marine ranching proliferation and aquaculture mode and sea use classification system

海洋牧场是海洋渔业升级转型的主要方向之一,受到国内外广泛关注。随着现代化海洋牧场增养殖方式的日益多样化与复杂化,海洋牧场用海类型与用海方式也呈立体化、多样化的发展趋势,亟需系统梳理海洋牧场用海分类体系,为现代化海洋牧场用海要素保障提供技术依据。在深入剖析现代化海洋牧场概念内涵的基础上,系统梳理了海洋牧场增养殖方式及其用海分类体系。依据增养殖方式,现代化海洋牧场可分为海洋增殖场、海洋养殖场、海洋养护场等二级类型3类和三级类型13类;依据用海开放程度,可分为开放型海洋牧场、半封闭型海洋牧场、封闭型海洋牧场等二级类型3类和三级类型9类。在海域使用分类基础上,根据现代化海洋牧场用海实际情况,提出了养殖用海、增殖用海、养护用海、垂钓用海、采捕用海等用海类型,以及网箱养殖用海、筏式养殖用海、底播养殖用海、漂浮式构筑物用海等用海方式。上述海洋牧场增养殖方式及用海分类体系可为完善现代化海洋牧场用海管理体系提供参考。

Modern marine ranching is a main direction for transformation and upgrading of traditional marine fisheries.It is a hotspot for marine fisheries in China and other countries.The increasing diversification and complexity of proliferation and aquaculture for modern marine ranching led to an urgent innovation in sea use management system.This paper sorts out classi-fication system of proliferation and aquaculture mode,openness degree of sea use,types and mode of sea use for marine ranch-ing based on analysis of modern marine ranching connotation.The modern marine ranching is divided into three Type II(Ma-rine proliferation ranching,marine aquaculture ranching and marine conservation ranching)and thirteen Type III based on their operation mode.The modern marine ranching is divided into three Type II(Open aquaculture,semi-closed aquaculture and closed aquaculture)and nine Type III based on their sea use openness.Based on the classification of sea use and the actual situation of modern marine ranching,this paper proposes sea use new types such as aquaculture sea use,proliferation sea use,conservation sea use,fishing sea use and leisure sea use,etc.And it proposes sea use new modes such as marine cage culture,marine raft culture,bottom sowing culture,marine floating structures,etc.The above marine ranching proliferation and aquaculture modes and sea use classification system can provide references for improving the modern management system of sea use in marine ranching.