花斑病对中华鲟皮肤黏膜层微生物菌群结构的影响

Effect of mosaic disease on skin mucosa microbial community structure of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)

花斑病是近年来中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)养殖过程中出现的一种新型疾病。为探索用于监测中华鲟健康状况的菌群标志物,通过高通量测序,分析比较了健康和患花斑病中华鲟幼鱼皮肤黏膜层微生物菌群的结构特征。结果显示,与健康中华鲟相比,患病中华鲟皮肤黏膜层微生物多样性和丰富度均显著下降(p<0.001)。在属分类水平上,健康中华鲟皮肤黏膜层的优势菌属为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、norank_f_Muribaculaceae、明串珠菌属(Leuconostoc)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas);患病中华鲟皮肤黏膜层的优势菌属为黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)和不动杆菌属,其中黄杆菌属占比78.38%。通过差异显著性分析,获得了5种反映中华鲟健康状态的敏感菌群。研究表明,与健康中华鲟相比,花斑病破坏了中华鲟皮肤黏膜层正常的微生态稳态结构,优势菌群由乳杆菌属、不动杆菌属等转变为黄杆菌属;因此黄杆菌属可作为监测中华鲟花斑病病原的菌群标志物,其相对丰度可用于评估中华鲟的患病风险。

Mosaic disease is a novel disease that has emerged during the culture of Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)in re-cent years.In order to study the flora markers for monitoring the health status of A.sinensis,we analyzed the microbial com-munity structure of the skin mucosa of healthy and diseased juveniles by using high-throughput sequencing technology.The re-sults show that compared with healthy fish,the diversity and richness of diseased fish reduced significantly(p<0.001).On genus level,the skin mucosa of healthy fish was composed of Lactobacillus,Acinetobacter,norank_f-Muribaculaceae,Leuconostoc and Pseudomonas,while the skin mucosa of diseased fish was composed of Flavobacterium and Acinetobacter,and the proportion of Flavobacterium was 78.38%.The significant difference analysis shows that five sensntive taxa were screened,reflecting the health status of Chinese sturgeon.This study indicates that compared with healthy fish,mosaic disease destroyed the normal homeo-stasis of microbiota in skin mucosa.The dominant bacterial community changed from Lactobacillus and Acinetobacter to Fla-vobacterium.Therefore,Flavobacterium have been identified as a marker to monitor the pathogen of mosaic disease in A.sinen-sis.Its relative abundance can be utilized to evaluate the risk of disease in A.sinensis.