自贸港建设背景下海南与东盟农产品贸易现状与对策建议

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Agricultural Product Trade Between Hainan and ASEAN Under the Background of Free Trade Port Construction

东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟)是海南农产品的重要贸易伙伴。系统梳理2010—2022年海南与东盟农产品贸易发展历程,结果显示:海南农产品交易市场上约1/3的产品来自东盟,2022年海南从东盟进口82.84万t农产品,进口额为4.07亿美元,分别占从全球进口的进口量和进口额的33.87%、23.83%。研究发现,海南与东盟农产品贸易分布不均衡,相对集中在印度尼西亚、越南、泰国等国家;椰子、棕榈油、木薯等是主要进口农产品且增长趋势明显;水产品、小麦粉等主要出口农产品增长幅度较小,部分农产品出口甚至出现下滑的不利局面。海南农产品相对缺乏竞争优势,与东盟农产品贸易总体呈逆差状态,建议加快海南农产品品质提升和发展精深加工,打造优势农产品品牌,利用自由贸易港政策优势打造外向型农业,提高海南农产品出口竞争力。

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)is an important trading partner for Hainan's agricultural products.A systematic review of the development of agricultural trade between Hainan and ASEAN from 2010 to 2022 showed that about one-third of the products in Hainan's agricultural market came from ASEAN.In 2022,Hainan imported a total of 828,400 tons of agricultural products,with an import value of 407 million US dollars from ASEAN,accounting for 33.87%and 23.83%of the global import volume and import value,respectively.The research found that the distribution of agricultural trade between Hainan and ASEAN was uneven,which relatively concentrated in countries such as Indonesia,Vietnam and Thailand.Coconut,palm oil,cassava,etc.,were the main imported agricultural products with a clear growth trend.The growth rate of major exported agricultural products such as aquatic products and wheat flour was relatively small,and some agricultural product exports have even experienced a decline.Hainan's agricultural products relatively lacked competitive advantages,and the overall trade of agricultural products between Hainan and ASEAN was in a deficit state.The suggestion was to accelerate the quality improvement and development of deep processing of agricultural products in Hainan,create advantageous agricultural product brands,utilize policy advantages to create an outward oriented agriculture,and enhance the export competitiveness of Hainan's agricultural products.