小井斜钻孔轨迹测量方法研究现状

Research status of trajectory measurement method for low-inclination wells

旋转导向钻井技术作为一种应对石油天然气资源开发中遇到的复杂地质条件的新技术,可以在钻进过程中对姿态进行实时测量和控制。然而在小井斜井段,由于三轴加速度计的x轴和y轴的重力分量较小,工具面角和井斜角出现测不准,精度低的难题。针对此问题,对小井斜下姿态测量原理进行了介绍。其次,从常规三轴正交加速度计坐标系结构,非正交坐标系测量结构以及加速度计的冗余结构三个方面进行调查研究,总结了在这三种结构下的各种测量精度提升方法,并讨论了各种方法的优点和局限性。最后对未来小井斜姿态测量研究技术提出展望。通过对小井斜姿态测量精度提升问题的现状分析,为后续行业内解决相关问题提供方法借鉴。

As a new technology for dealing with complex geological conditions encountered in the development of oil and gas resources,rotary directional drilling technology can measure and control the attitude in real time during the drilling process.However,in the low-inclined well section,due to the small gravity components of the x-axis and y-axis of the three-axis accelerometer,there is a problem of inaccurate measurement of the tool face angle and wellbore inclination angle,resulting in low accuracy.In response to this issue,this paper first introduces the principle of attitude measurement under low-inclination.Secondly,from three aspects of the conventional three-axis orthogonal accelerometer coordinate system structure,the non-orthogonal coordinate system measurement structure and the redundant structure of the accelerometer,the various measurement accuracy improvement methods under these three structures are summarized,and the advantages and limitations of various methods are discussed.Finally,the future research technology of low-inclination attitude measurement is prospected.Through the analysis of the current situation of the accuracy improvement of low-inclination attitude measurement,it provides a reference for solving related problems in the subsequent industry.