河南省主要农作物秸秆资源分布及资源化利用需求分析

Analysis of the distribution and resource utilization needs of main crop straw resources in Henan province

河南省是农业大省,农作物秸秆资源丰富,为提高区域秸秆资源化综合利用率,促进秸秆资源化利用产业化发展,文章对河南省主要农作物秸秆资源量、秸秆养分蕴含量等进行了估算,明确了河南省秸秆资源分布特征,同时结合河南省秸秆资源化利用需求量,计算分析了全省秸秆资源化利用潜力。结果表明:2022年河南省主要农作物秸秆理论资源量和可收集资源量分别为10386.88万t和8108.91万t,主要分布在驻马店、南阳、周口和商丘,区域秸秆资源量差异较大;2022年河南省可收集秸秆中氮、磷、钾蕴含量分别为66.64万t、19.66万t和105.94万t,可收集秸秆量理论上可以代替当年全省氮肥需求量的42.28%、磷肥需求量的27.38%,可全量代替当年的钾肥需求量;牲畜饲料化秸秆需求量为1375.48万t,占全省可收集秸秆资源总量的16.96%;基料化秸秆资源需求量为184.95万t,占全省秸秆资源总量的2.28%;可收集秸秆全部能源化利用可替代4086.25万t标准煤。

Henan province is a major agricultural province with abundant crop straw resources.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of regional straw resources and promote the industrial layout and development of straw resource utilization,this article estimated the amount of straw resources and the nutrient content of straw of major crops in Henan province,clarified the distribution characteristics of straw resources in Henan province.At the same time,combined with the calculation of the demand for straw resource utilization in Henan province,analyzed the utilization potential of straw resources in the whole province.The results showed that the theoretical and collectable amount of the main crop straw resources in Henan province in 2022 were 103.8688 million tons and 81.0891 million tons respectively.The straw resources mainly distributed in Zhumadian,Nanyang,Zhoukou and Shangqiu.There is a large difference in regional straw resources.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in collectable straws in Henan province in 2022 were 0.6664 million tons,0.1966 million tons and 1.0594 million tons respectively.Theoretically,the amount of collectable straw could replace 42.28%of the nitrogen fertilizer demand and 27.38%of the phosphate fertilizer demand in the province in that year,and could completely replace the potassium fertilizer demand in that year.The demand for livestock feed straw is 13.7548 million tons,accounted for 16.96%of the total collectable straw resources of the province.The demand for straw resources for substrate is 1.8495 million tons,accounted for 2.28%of the total straw resources of the province.If the collectable straw resources in Henan province was fully energy utilization,it would have potential to replace 40.8625 million tons of standard coal.