一穴四粒型孔立式大豆精量排种器设计与试验

Design and Experimental Investigation of a Hole-standing Soybean Precise Planter with One Hole and Four Seeds

为了适应大豆等距穴播栽培新型农艺要求,结合大豆精量排种技术设计了一种一穴四粒型孔立式大豆精量排种器,并对充种距离进行了设计与理论分析,使得穴内种子分布均匀。通过EDEM离散元软件,对型孔间隙、型孔布置形式和型孔数进行了单因素试验,在此基础上以排种盘转速、型孔深度和充种倾角为试验因素进行三因素五水平正交旋转仿真试验,以满穴率、合格率和漏播率为试验指标,应用Design-Expert 13软件对试验数据进行分析。得到回归模型和三因素对指标的影响关系,排种盘转速、型孔深度和充种倾角对各个指标有极显著影响,排种盘转速和型孔深度交互对合格率和漏播率有显著影响。基于回归模型进行参数优化,结果表明:当排种盘转速为26.45 r/min,型孔深度为7.35 mm,充种倾角为53°时,满穴率为83.16%,合格率为95.81%,漏播率为4.18%。对该优化参数组合下的排种器进行田间验证试验,结果表明:合格率均值为94.80%,合格率与仿真结果误差为1.01%,试验结果与优化结果相吻合,验证了仿真优化的可靠性,满足大豆精量播种要求。

In order to adapt to the new agronomic requirements of equal-spaced hole sowing cultivation of soybeans,a vertical soybean precision seeding device with one hole and four grain holes was designed based on soybean precision seeding technology,and the seeding distance was designed and theoretically analyzed,so that The seeds are evenly distributed in the hole.Through the EDEM discrete element software,a single factor test was conducted on the hole gap,hole arrangement form and number of holes.On this basis,a three-factor and five-level test was conducted using the seeding disk speed,hole depth and seed filling angle as test factors.In the orthogonal rotation simulation test,the hole filling rate,pass rate and missed seeding rate were used as test indicators,and Design-Expert 13 software was used to analyze the test data.The regression model and the relationship between the three factors on the indicators were obtained.The rotation speed of the seeding disk,the depth of the hole and the seed filling angle have a very significant impact on each index.The interaction between the rotation speed of the seeding disk and the depth of the hole has a significant impact on the pass rate and the missed sowing rate.Significant impact.Parameter optimization was performed based on the regression model.The results show that when the rotation speed of the seeding disk is 26.45 r/min,the hole depth is 7.35 mm,and the seed filling angle is 53°,the full hole rate is 83.16%,the pass rate is 95.81%,and the leakage rate is 95.81%.The broadcast rate is 4.18%.A field verification test was conducted on the seed metering device under this optimized parameter combination.The results showed that the average pass rate was 94.80%,and the error between the pass rate and the simulation results was 1.01%.The test results were consistent with the optimization results,verifying the reliability of the simulation optimization.,to meet the precision sowing requirements of soybeans.