酿酒葡萄新品种云酿3号的选育

Breeding report of a new wine grape variety Yunniang 3

云酿3号是由华佳8号×东30-1杂交选育出的早熟酿酒葡萄新品种。果穗圆锥形,平均穗质量130 g,最大穗质量295 g,穗长16.9 cm,穗宽10.6 cm,果粒椭圆形,平均粒质量1.5 g,纵径2.25 cm,横径1.68 cm,充分成熟时紫黑色,无香味,果皮厚度中等,果皮涩味中等,果肉软,果粒与果柄易分离,种子充分发育,种子1~2粒。出汁率68.0%,可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)20.0%,总酸含量0.63%,维生素C含量4.36 mg·100 g^(-1)。在云南元谋干热河谷地区,该品种2月下旬萌芽,3月下旬开花,始熟期5月中旬,7月上旬成熟,果实生育期90 d左右,属早熟品种。植株生长势强,花芽分化好,两性花,二倍体。较抗霜霉病和白粉病,中抗灰霉病和白腐病。适宜在云南、西藏等年降雨量≤700 mm的葡萄酒产区推广种植。

Grape wine is increasingly favored by consumers in China.Grape varieties are very important for wine making.Breeding new grape variety with good resistance to disease is necessary for grape cultivation in southern China.Yunniang 3 is a new early-maturing wine grape variety bred by Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Insititute of Tropical Eco-agricltural Sciences of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences etc.A cross between Huajia 8 and Dong 30-1 was made in 2015.The hybrid trees began bearing fruits from 2018.The strain LV3-3 performed well.The field trials were conducted in Yuanmou,Yunnan province,and Basu,Xizang Autonomous Region from 2020.It was registered as a non major crop variety by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and named as Yunniang 3 in 2023.The surface color of the young leaves was green,and the mature leaves were pentagonal,5-lobed,with light markings on both the upper and lower lobes.The leaf stalk depression is open.The shape of cluster was conical.The average cluster weight was 130 g,and the maximum cluster weight was about 295 g.The average cluster length and width was 16.9 cm and 10.6 cm.The berry density was moderate,with an average single berry weight was 1.5 g.The fruit clusters were elliptical.The fruit color was purple black with no aroma.The skin thickness and astringency was moderate.The flesh was soft.The berries were easily separated from from the stem.Each berry had 1-2 seeds.The juice rate was 68%,the soluble solids content was 20%,the titratable acid content was 0.63%,vitamin C content was 4.36 mg·100 g^(-1).In the dry and hot valley area of Yuanmou,Yunnan,this variety bud burst began in late February,blooming in late March.The berries turned color in mid May,and matured in early July.The fruit growth period was about 90 days.The plant had strong growth potential,strong aility of flower bud formation.It had bisexual flowers and was diploid.It was strongly resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew,moderately resistant to gray mold and white rot.It would be suitable for planting in wine producing areas with annual rainfall≤700 mm,such as Yunnan province and Xizang Autonomous Region.The single stem hedgerow cultivation should be recommended.