不同施肥处理茶园土壤微生物群落结构及功能预测分析

Prediction and analysis of soil microbial community structure and function in tea garden under different fertilization treatments

为了探究不同施肥处理茶园土壤微生物群落结构及功能特点,依托豫南长期定位施肥茶园,设置茶叶专用肥、有机肥、缓释氮肥和不施肥等4个处理,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术研究了不同施肥处理下豫南茶园土壤微生物群落结构和功能特点。结果表明,茶叶专用肥处理土壤中速效氮含量显著高于其余处理,有效磷、速效钾含量也相对较高,施肥处理土壤pH均显著低于不施肥处理。茶叶专用肥和有机肥处理茶园土壤中细菌群落多样性和均匀度显著高于缓释肥处理;茶叶专用肥、有机肥和缓释肥处理茶园土壤真菌多样性和均匀度均显著低于不施肥处理。不同施肥处理茶园土壤优势细菌、真菌门不同,施肥显著降低了被孢霉门细菌的相对丰度;茶叶专用肥和有机肥处理土壤中物种类型及相对丰度相似,不施肥和缓释氮肥处理土壤中物种类型及相对丰度相似;施肥显著提高了土壤中青霉菌属相对丰度,降低了红菇属的相对丰度;有机肥处理和茶叶专用肥处理土壤微生物新陈代谢强于缓释肥和不施肥处理。4种施肥处理土壤真菌营养类型以外生菌根、木头腐生生物、未定义腐生生物为主,而每个处理主要营养型不同。

In order to investigate the structure and functional characteristics of soil microbial communities in tea gardens with different fertilization treatments,based on the long-term positioning fertilization experiment of tea gardens in South Henan Province,four treatments were set up,including tea-specific fertilizer,organic fertilizer,slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and no fertilizer,and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate the structure and functional characteristics of soil microbial communities in tea gardens under different fertilization treatments.The results showed that the available nitrogen content of the tea-specific fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments,the available phosphorus and available potassium contents were also relatively higher,and the soil pH of the fertilized treatments was significantly lower than that of the non-fertilized treatment.The soil bacterial community diversity and uniformity of tea garden in tea-specific fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments were significantly higher than that of the slow-release fertilizer treatment.The soil fungal diversity and evenness of tea garden in tea-specific fertilizer,organic fertilizer,and slow-release fertilizer treatments were significantly lower than that of without fertilization treatment.Different fertilization treatments resulted in different dominant bacteria and fungal phyla in tea garden soil,and fertilization significantly reduced the relative abundance of bacteria in the phylum Aspergillus;The types and relative abundance of species in soil of tea-specific fertilizer and organic fertilizer were similar,while those of no fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatments were similar.Fertilization significantly increased the relative abundance of Penicillium spp.in soil and decreased the relative abundance of Russula;Organic fertilizer treatment and tea-specific fertilizer treatment had stronger soil microbial metabolism than those of slow-release fertilizer and no fertilizer treatment.Soil fungal nutritional types were dominated by exophytic mycorrhizae,wood decaying organisms,and undefined decaying organisms in the four fertilization treatments,whereas the major nutritional types were different in each treatment.