外泌体微小RNA在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的研究进展

Progress of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

外泌体作为一种细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicle,EVs),已在多项研究中被证明为是细胞间通讯的重要介质。在肿瘤疾病中,存在于肿瘤微环境中的各类细胞产生的外泌体能够装载数量异常的蛋白质、核酸等,在被其它细胞内化后调节其中的信号通路,进而影响肿瘤疾病的发展过程。近年来,外泌体微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)作为肿瘤诊断的生物标志物和预后标志物在肿瘤疾病诊断中的作用正在被人们广泛关注。同时,将外泌体作为载体靶向运送miRNA治疗肿瘤亦是研究的热点之一。本文聚焦于外泌体miRNA,综述了外泌体miRNA在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)发生发展中的作用机制,并总结了当前将其作为OSCC的潜在分子标志物在疾病诊断方面的应用以及其在疾病的靶向治疗中的应用。

As an extracellular vesicle(EVs),exosomes have been identified as important mediators involved in intercellular communication in multiple studies.In neoplastic diseases,exosomes shed cells in the tumor microenvironment can carry abnormal amounts of proteins,nucleic acids,and some other cargos,internalized by other cells to regulate the signaling pathways in it,which in turn affect the development of tumors.Currently,exosomes microRNAs,as biomarkers of tumor diagnosis and prognostic,are widely concerned.Meanwhile,targeting exosomes as carriers to deliver microRNAs for tumor treatment is also one of the research hotpots.Here,we focus on the exosome microRNAs,review the mechanism of exosomes microRNAs in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),and summarize their application as a potential molecular biomarkers in disease diagnosis and targeted therapy.