网络直播平台的著作权侵权风险与规制路径研究

Research on Copyright Infringement Risks and Regulatory Paths of Online Live Streaming Platforms

网络主播未经著作权人许可直播作品的行为落入了广播权控制的范围,且多数对作品的演绎使用较难构成合理使用,因此直播存在着较大的著作权侵权风险。有时网络直播平台是网络内容提供商和网络服务提供商的复合体,可能需要担负起更多的义务与责任。当直播协议约定主播将权利转让给平台以及平台对直播人员和内容具有控制权时,应突破传统路径认定平台承担直接侵权责任。当网络直播平台未能尽到安全保障义务时,应认定平台承担间接侵权责任。未来,应通过事前完善作品集中许可、事中开展特殊场景监控,事后加强惩戒和宣传引导来降低网络直播的著作权侵权风险。

The act of online broadcasting works without the permission of copyright owners falls within the scope of broadcasting rights,and most of the deductive use of works is not fair use.Therefore,there is a significant risk of infringement in live streaming.Sometimes online live streaming platforms may be a complex of the network content provider and the network service provider,so they may need to bear more obligations and responsibilities.When the live streaming agreement stipulates that the streamer transfers rights to the platform and the platform has control over the live streaming personnel and content,we should break through the traditional path and determine that the platform should bear direct infringement liability.When the online live streaming platform fails to fulfill its security obligations,we should determine that the platform bears indirect liability for infringement.In the future,we should reduce the risk of copyright infringement in online live streaming by improving the centralized licensing of works in advance,conducting special scene monitoring during the process,and strengthening punishment and publicity guidance afterwards.