高温越夏日本大葱种质表型性状差异及亲缘关系研究

Studies on the Differences of Phenotypic Traits and Genetic Relationships of Japanese Welsh Onion Germplasm Resources after High Temperature Stress over Summer

为了鉴定、筛选出越夏高产大葱种质并用于耐高温品种改良和选育,以42份日本大葱种质为试材,采用形态鉴定方法,在塑料大棚环境下研究了经高温越夏后种质的表型性状差异和亲缘关系远近,并用隶属函数法对初筛种质进行综合评价。结果表明:42份种质单株质量、株高、假茎质量、假茎长、假茎直径、叶长、叶扁宽、宿存叶片数、假茎指数和叶形指数10个数量性状的变异范围为10.50%~38.60%,平均值为19.62%。其中,假茎质量和单株质量变异系数较高,分别为38.60%和37.23%。经聚类分析将42份种质聚为1个高细类型、1个矮细类型、2个矮粗类型亚组共计4个组群,组群间性状差异显著。采用隶属函数法对高细类型、矮粗类型第1亚组14份种质进行种质综合评价,排名为喜太郎晚抽、玖源晚抽、什全一本、夏力源、成田一本、智荣、玖美、咏秀、荣辉、金春一本、卡曼、盛源泰32号、川田一本和揽胜。该研究从形态学角度解析了越夏日本大葱种质遗传差异,明确了不同资源亲缘关系远近,为越夏大葱种质筛选和优势杂交育种亲本选择提供了依据。

In order to identify and screen out high-yield germplasm over summer and use it for improvement and breeding of high-temperature tolerant welsh onion varieties,42 Japanese welsh onion germplasms were used as test materials,and the morphological character differences and genetic relationship of the germplasms after high-temperature stress over summer were studied in plastic greenhouse environment by morphological identification method,and the primary screened germplasms were comprehensively evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that the variation coefficient range of 10 quantitative traits of 42 germplasms was 10.50%-38.60%,such as single plant weight,plant height,single pseudostem weight,pseudostem length,pseudostem diameter,leaf length,leaf flat width,number of persistent leaves,pseudostem index and leaf shape index,with an average value of 19.62%.Among them,the variation coefficients of pseudostem weight and single plant weight were higher,which were 38.60%and 37.23%,respectively.42 germplasms were clustered into four groups through cluster analysis,such as one kind of tall and thin type,one kind of low and thin type and two kinds of low and thick type,and there were significant differences in traits among groups.14 germplasms of the group of high and thin type and the first subgroup of low and thick type were comprehensive evaluated by the membership function method,with comprehensive ranking of'Xitailang wanchou''Jiuyuan wanchou''Shiquanyiben''Xialiyuan''Chengtianyiben''Zhirong''Jiumei''Yongxiu''Ronghui''Jinchunyiben''Kaman''Shengyuantai No.32''Chuntianyiben'and'Lansheng'.In this study,the genetic differences of Japanese welsh onion germplasms over summer were analyzed from the perspective of morphology,and the genetic relationship of different resources was clarified,which provided a basis for germplasm screening of welsh onion over summer and parent selection of dominant cross breeding.