面向微生物的CRISPR基因编辑工具的功能应用

Functional applications of CRISPR gene editing tools for microbes

成簇规律间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)系统作为一种强大且可调控的基因编辑工具,由于其精准性和灵活性,在微生物机制解析、功能强化以及检测溯源等领域中有着广阔的应用前景。其中,Cas(CRISPR associated)蛋白的特异性识别与切割(cis-cleavage)以及无差别的附属切割(trans-cleavage),作为CRISPR系统的两大核心功能而备受关注。基于特异性识别和切割功能建立的高效微生物基因组编辑工具,实现了对微生物功能的强化,增强了其在环境保护、生态修复以及能源回收等领域的应用能力;基于其附属切割功能创制的病原微生物的快速检测方法,为病原微生物引起的疫情防控提供了技术支撑。文章着重介绍CRISPR基因编辑技术在微生物中的应用现状和发展前景。

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)system,a powerful and tunable gene-editing tool,holds great promise in the fields of microbial mechanism analysis,functional enhancement,and detection tracing due to its precision and flexibility.The system’s two core functions,the specific recognition and cis-cleavage by Cas(CRISPR-associated)proteins and the trans-cleavage,have garnered significant attention.Efficient microbial genome editing tools based on the specific recognition and cutting function have strengthened the functionality of microorganisms,enhancing their application potential in environmental protection,ecological restoration,and energy recovery.Moreover,the rapid detection methods for pathogenic microorganisms,developed based on its trans-cleavage,provide technical support for epidemic prevention and control caused by pathogenic microorganisms.This paper focuses on the current application status and future prospects of CRISPR gene-editing technology in microbes.