从中世纪城市到现代城市的转型——以罗马和伦敦为例

Urban Transformation from Medieval to Modern-Taking Rome and London as Examples

从文艺复兴至19世纪末,欧洲在科学、技术、经济和社会等方面发生一系列重大转变,这些转变也体现在城市转型上,罗马与伦敦被认为是这个转型过程中最有代表性的两个例子。罗马文艺复兴时期的大规模重建是欧洲从中世纪城市向现代城市转型的开先河范本,奠定欧洲城市用地模式以及街道、街坊、城市型公共空间和街区等一系列欧洲城市空间结构的普遍规律。17世纪后半程至18世纪早期,伦敦城市转型沿用罗马重建的一些特征,但伦敦重建在建筑类型、城市广场和城市社区规划等方面有很大发展。这两个城市转型不仅对其他欧洲城市发展演变有巨大影响,而且对理解美国重点大城市中心城区的用地特征有很大帮助。

From Renaissance to the end of the 19th Century,a series of major transformations took place in Europe in science,technology,economy and society,etc.,and those transformations were also embodied in urban transformation,where Rome and London were regarded as the most representative two examples in that transformation process.Large-scale reconstruction of Rome in the Renaissance period was the pioneer model of transforming from a medieval city to a modern city in Europe,the land use pattern in Europe was laid by it,and universal law was laid for a series of urban space structure in Europe,including street,neighborhood and urban type public space and block,etc.From the later half of the 17th Century to the early 18th Century,some features of Rome reconstruction was copied in urban construction of London,but London reconstruction was greatly developed in building type,urban square and urban community planning,etc.Transformation of the two cities not only had huge influence on the development and evolution of other European cities,but also was very helpful for understanding the land use feature of the downtown area of American key large cities.