黄连化学成分、药理作用及配伍应用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Chemical Constituents,Pharmacological Actions,and Compatibility Applications of Coptis Chinensis

黄连是毛茛科黄连属多年生草本植物的干燥根茎,药用历史悠久,临床上多用于治疗痢疾、湿疹、急性胃肠炎等。通过综述相关文献,发现黄连中化学成分主要包括生物碱、木脂素、黄酮类、酸性物质等,具有降糖、改善心血管系统、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌、改善消化系统、镇静催眠等作用,黄连配伍方剂治疗湿热诸证5个、火毒热盛证14个、疮痈疔肿4个、阴阳失调等证8个。黄连中小檗碱的研究最为深入与系统,但目前对黄连中其余活性成分以及古方配伍中化学成分与作用机制的对应关系的研究较少。

Coptis chinensis,the dried rhizome of a perennial herb from the Ranunculaceae family,has a long history of medicinal use,particularly in the treatment of dysentery,eczema,and acute gastroenteritis.A review of relevant literature reveals that the main chemical constituents of the medicinal include alkaloids,lignans,flavonoids,and acidic substances.These compounds exhibit a variety of pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemic,cardiovascular improvement,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antibacterial,digestive system improvement,and sedative-hypnotic actions.Compatibility studies of Coptis chinensis formulations highlight that formulae combined with this medicinal can be used in treating various syndromes,such as five dampheat syndromes,fourteen fire-toxin and heat excess syndromes,four sores and carbuncles syndromes,and eight yin-yang imbalance syndromes.Berberine,one of the most extensively and systematically studied components of Coptis chinensis,has been a focal point of research.However,at present,there is relatively little research on the corresponding relationship of the other active ingredients and the chemical components in coptis chinensis of ancient Chinese herbal formulas with mechanisms of action.