二十世纪二十年代中国知识界对《国家与革命》的认知演变

The Evolution of Chinese Intellectuals’Understanding of The State and Revolution in the 1920s

20世纪三四十年代,中国共产党人从列宁主义国家学说中汲取经验,逐渐发展出新民主主义革命理论等重大马克思主义中国化成果,这离不开20世纪20年代所形成的正确认识。因列宁《国家与革命》全译本出版较晚,中国知识分子对该著作的早期认识深受中外解读影响。国民革命联合资产阶级的现实需要也左右着他们对国家问题的理解方向。1925年后,苏联理论家为纪念列宁而作的解读被译介到中国,中国共产党人以此为基础把握住国家的阶级性本质,并自主形成对列宁主义国家学说理论体系的完整认识。理论认知和主义立场的清晰化,推动中国共产党人对中苏两国革命经验进行反思,进而深化关于向社会主义过渡时期国家学说的理解。

In the 1930s and 1940s,Chinese Communists drew on Leninist theories of the state to develop impor-tant theoretical achievements of Marxism with Chinese characteristics,such as the theory of New Democracy.This intellectual development was grounded in the correct understanding formed in the 1920s.The complete translation of The State and Revolution was not published until later,so the understanding by early Chinese intellectuals was shaped by both domestic and foreign interpretations.Concurrently,the practical needs of the National Revolution-ary Movement,which allied with the bourgeoisie,influenced their views on state issues.After 1925,the interpre-tations of Soviet theorists to commemorate Lenin were translated and introduced into China,allowing Chinese Communists to understand the class nature of the state and to develop a comprehensive grasp of Leninist state the-ory.The clarity of their theoretical cognition and ideological position prompted reflections on the revolutionary ex-periences of China and the Soviet Union by Chinese Communists,deepening their understanding of state theory during the transition to socialism.