何以生存:内生型乡村工业存续的经营机制

How to Survive:The Operational Mechanism of Endogenous Rural Industrial Sustainability

乡村工业是实现乡村振兴与城乡融合的重要产业基础。文章以山东省银县Y厂的经营过程为例,在新内生发展理论视域下,分析了内生型乡村工业存续发展的经营机制。研究发现,从生成与变迁的动因来看,基于农业禀赋的在地化经营激活了乡村工业的内生发展动力,而新经济力量的冲击则导致了乡村工业内生发展能力的衰退。从经营机制来看,在与超地方因素互动的过程中,乡村工业一方面以精打细算的经营策略和规避风险的生存原则开展与自身内部资源相契合的生存实践,另一方面在确立新的发展定位和联结外部力量的过程中实现新内生发展转向,最终构建起既具有本地扎根性又具有与外部世界交互性的内外共生的发展模式。研究表明,乡村工业是一种与本土状况相协调的工业发展模式。在中国式现代化的背景下,以低度发展方式持续经营的乡村工业可以成为增加农民收入、促进城乡融合的一种有效渠道。

Rural industry is an essential industrial foundation for rural revitalization and urban-rural integration.This paper exam⁃ines the operational mechanisms of Y factory in Yin County,Shandong Province,to analyze the operating mechanisms of endoge⁃nous rural industry survival and development from the perspective of the new endogenous development theory.The study finds that,from the perspective of generation and transformation drivers,localized operations based on agricultural endowments activates the endogenous development dynamics of rural industries.However,the impact of new economic forces leads to a decline in the endoge⁃nous development capacity of rural industries.Regarding the operational mechanisms,rural industries,interacting with extra-local factors,adopt meticulous operational strategies and risk-averse survival principles to align survival practices with their internal re⁃sources.At the same time,they achieve a new endogenous development transition by establishing new development orientations and linking external forces.This ultimately forms a development model that is both locally rooted and interactive with the external world.The research indicates that rural industry is an industrial development model compatible with local conditions.Under the context of Chinese modernization,the sustainable operation of rural industry in a low-level development practices can become an effective channel for increasing farmers’income and promoting urban-rural integration.