轻质PS建筑板材的制备及其阻燃性能的研究

Study on Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Light PS Building Panels

基于化学接枝法和熔融共混法,以再生聚苯乙烯(RPS)为材料基底、卤代磷酸酯(TDCPP)为阻燃剂、硼酸锌(ZB)为抑烟材料制备成卤代磷酸酯-聚苯乙烯-硼酸锌(TDCPP-RPS-ZB)复合建筑材料并进行表面官能团、力学性能和阻燃性能分析。表面官能团分析结果表明,经过化学接枝和熔融共混后,TDCPP单体和ZB成功混入RPS基底中。由力学性能分析结果可知,TDCPP的接枝使RPS基体的表观密度和冲击强度分别提高了29.36%和33.33%,拉伸强度降低了13.39%。由阻燃性能分析结果可知,TDCPP和不同质量分数ZB的添加使TDCPP-RPS-ZB复合材料的极限氧指数分别提高至25.4%、30.1%、31.2%和32.4%,且其热稳定性有所提高,燃烧速率峰值降低,在燃烧过程中,总热释放量小幅降低,垂直燃烧等级最高可达V-1级。此外,添加TDCPP和不同质量分数的ZB后,RPS的生烟量从39.4 m^(2)降低至33.1、28.1、31.0、21.8 m^(2),表明ZB的添加可以显著降低材料燃烧的产烟量。

Based on chemical grafting method and melt blending method,halogenated phosphate ester-polystyrene-zinc borate(TDCPP-RPS-ZB)composite building material was prepared with recycled polystyrene(RPS)as material base,halogenated phosphate ester(TDCPP)as flame retardant and zinc borate(ZB)as smoke suppression material.Surface functional groups,mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composites were analyzed.The results of surface functional group analysis showed that TDCPP and ZB were successfully mixed into the RPS substrate after chemical grafting and melt blending.The results of mechanical properties analysis showed that the apparent density and impact strength of the RPS matrix were increased by 29.36%and 33.33%,respectively,and the tensile strength was decreased by 13.39%.According to the results of flame retardancy analysis,with the addition of TDCPP and ZB with different mass fractions,the oxygen index of TDCPP-RPS-ZB composite was increased to 25.4%,30.1%,31.2%and 32.4%,respectively.The thermal stability is improved,the peak combustion rate decreases and the total heat release decreases slightly during the combustion process,and the vertical combustion grade can reach V-1 rating.In addition,the smoke production of RPS decreased from 39.4 m^(2) to 33.1,28.1,31.0,21.8 m^(2) after adding TDCPP and different mass fractions of ZB,indicating that the addition of ZB can significantly reduce the smoke production of material combustion.