国外转基因作物上草铵膦登记残留风险评估进展

Progress in residue risk assessment for the registration of glufosinate-ammonium on transgenic plants abroad

本文重点综述了FAO/WHO农药残留专家联席会议(JMPR)、欧盟欧洲食品安全管理局(EFSA)、美国环境保护署(EPA)以及日本药事和食品卫生委员会(PAFSC)关于转基因作物上草铵膦登记残留风险评估进展,主要围绕草铵膦在转基因作物中的代谢、动物中的代谢、残留检测方法、储藏稳定性、规范残留试验、毒理学评价、残留定义以及最大残留限量(MRL)制定等方面的内容进行了归纳分析。与非转基因作物相比,草铵膦在转基因作物上使用后出现了新的代谢途径,其中,代谢物N-乙酰-草铵膦(N-acetyl-glufosinate,NAG)是草铵膦在转基因作物上的主要残留物,因此相关国家和组织将其纳入了草铵膦的残留定义。草铵膦在转基因作物上的最终残留水平比非转基因作物上更高,这主要与草铵膦在转基因作物上使用的技术特点和出现了新的代谢物有关。目前国际上在制定草铵膦的MRL标准时并没有区分非转基因作物和转基因作物。作者认为,在开展转基因作物中农药残留风险评估时,应首先开展相应的代谢试验,并依据风险最大化原则合理选取残留数据,制定统一的MRL标准。本文可为提升我国农药在转基因作物上应用的残留风险评估技术水平和MRL标准制定提供借鉴。

This paper highlights the progress made by the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues(JMPR),the European Union European Food Safety Authority(EFSA),the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA),and the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs and Food Sanitation Council(PAFSC)on the residues risk assessment of glufosinate-ammonium registration on transgenic crops,focusing on the metabolism of glufosinate-ammonium in transgenic crops,the animal metabolism,the methods of residue analysis,storage stability,supervised residue trials,toxicological evaluation,residue definitions,and maximum residue limit(MRL)setting were summarized and analyzed.Compared with non-genetically modified crops,new metabolic pathways have emerged after the use of glufosinate-ammonium in transgenic crops.The metabolite N-acetyl-glufosinate(NAG)is the main residue of glufosinate-ammonium in transgenic crops,and thus relevant countries and organizations have included it in the residue definition of glufosinate-ammonium.The higher residue levels of glufosinate-ammonium in transgenic crops than in non-genetically modified crops are mainly related to the technical characteristics of glufosinate-ammonium use on transgenic crops and the emergence of new metabolites.Currently,no distinction is made between non-genetically modified crops and transgenic crops on MRLs for glufosinate-ammonium.The authors believe that when carrying out risk assessment of pesticide residues in transgenic crops,corresponding metabolism tests should be carried out first,and residue data should be reasonably selected based on the principle of risk maximization to formulate uniform MRLs.This paper can provide a reference for improving the technical level of pesticide residue risk assessment and developing MRL standards for pesticide application on transgenic crops in China.