储能模组内多孔防火材料增强液氮灭火效能研究

Study on enhancing liquid nitrogen fire extinguishing efficiency with porous fireproof materials in energy storage modules

频发的锂离子电池火灾事故对分布式储能锂电池组的应用产生了巨大影响。深度冷却和持续降温是抑制并解决电池火灾的关键。为了探究多孔防火材料对液氮灭火效能的增强作用,搭建了储能模组火灾液氮灭火实验系统。通过在储能模组内铺设多孔防火材料的方式研究了玻璃棉、纳米气凝胶、硅酸铝陶瓷纤维和防火海绵四种多孔防火材料与液氮协同作用对模组内锂电池组火灾的灭火效果。实验结果表明,相同液氮用量条件下,与单独喷射液氮相比,在模组内加装多孔防火材料可以有效提升液氮的灭火效能。液氮与纳米气凝胶协同作用时,热失控电池表面回升最高温度仅为28℃,比液氮单独作用时降低了63℃,其余三种工况的电池表面回升温度也均低于液氮单独作用。此外,多孔防火材料的铺设方式对液氮灭火效能影响明显,材料侧壁铺设对热失控电池组的灭火效果优于底面铺设。本研究结果可为储能模组锂电池灭火技术提供参考。

The frequent fire incidents involving lithium-ion batteries have significantly impacted the application of distributed energy storage lithium battery packs.Effective fire suppression measures,such as deep cooling and sustained temperature reduction,are critical for mitigating these risks.This study investigates the impact of incorporating porous fire-retardant materials on the efficiency of liquid nitrogen in extinguishing fires within energy storage modules.An experimental system was developed to test the extinguishing performance of liquid nitrogen when combined with various porous fire-retardant materials,including glass wool,nano aerogel,aluminum silicate ceramic fiber,and fire-retardant sponge.Experimental results demonstrate that under the same amount of liquid nitrogen,the incorporation of these materials within the module effectively enhances the extinguishing efficiency.Notably,when combined with nano aerogel,the surface temperature rise of batteries in thermal runaway situations is reduced to 28℃,63℃lower than when using liquid nitrogen alone.Similarly,other materials also reduce temperature rise compared to liquid nitrogen alone.Additionally,the placement of these materials significantly affects their performance;deploying them on the side walls of the module is more effective in extinguishing fires than bottom deployment.These findings provide insights into improving fire extinguishing technologies for lithium battery systems in energy storage applications.