迈向试验性规制的人形机器人治理

Towards Experimental Regulation in Humanoid Robot Governance

人形机器人的应用可以带来巨大的效益,但也对社会秩序、法律规则及伦理价值等产生深远影响。传统的科层式规制体系似乎不再能够完全适应这一新兴技术领域的规制需求。试验性规制作为一种规制创新,将规制过程视为一种学习过程,通过不断试验、评估和修正,逐步完善规制措施,使规制更具适应性和灵活性,有助于开发循证的、迭代的人形机器人治理策略。“监管沙盒”作为一种典型的试验性规制工具,可以帮助监管机构发现规制问题,积累规制成本与效益的证据,促成人形机器人的包容审慎规制,最终实现“统筹发展与安全”的政策目标。为了推动人形机器人“监管沙盒”的制度化发展,应当通过试验性立法为“监管沙盒”授权,采用“中心辐射模式”治理“监管沙盒”,确保实施中的程序正义,并完善“后沙盒”阶段的监督机制。

The application of humanoid robots can yield significant benefits,but it also poses profound impact on social order,legal rules,and ethical values.The traditional hierarchical regulatory system seems increasingly inadequate to address the unique demands of this emerging technology field.Experimental regulation,as an innovative approach,views the regulatory process as a learning journey,where continuous experimentation,evaluation,and adjustment gradually refine regulatory measures,making them more adaptive and flexible.This approach helps to develop evidence-based,iterative governance strategies for humanoid robots.The"regulatory sandbox",a typical tool of experimental regulation,enables regulatory agencies to identify issues,gather evidence on regulatory costs and benefits,and promote inclusive and prudent regulation of humanoid robots.Ultimately,it supports the achievement of policy goals that balance development with security.To institutionalize the development of the"regulatory sandbox"for humanoid robots,it is essential to authorize the sandbox through experimental legislation,adopt a"hub-and-spoke model"for its governance,ensure procedural justice during implementation,and enhance post-sandbox oversight mechanisms.