沙特国族主义的兴起:内涵、表现与动因

The Rise of Saudi Nationalism:Connotations,Manifestations and Motivations

历史上,沙特阿拉伯的民族国家建构由于种种原因遭到搁置。而随着人口持续增长、政治参与预期上升和石油收入稳定性下降,沙特政治与经济上的结构性矛盾促使沙特重启民族国家建构进程。2015年萨勒曼国王执政后,沙特国内政治经历一系列变动,王位继承制度从兄终弟及变为父终子继。为确保权力向穆罕默德·本·萨勒曼平稳过渡,萨勒曼父子亟需强化自身权威、赢得民众支持。与此同时,沙特外部环境更趋复杂严峻,沙特需要打造国民新共识以应对地区地缘战略竞争。因此,沙特政府自上而下推行沙特国族主义,构建与统治者高度绑定的沙特民族认同,打破瓦哈比意识形态的局限性,为全面推进国家现代化改革准备条件。

Historically,nation building in Saudi Arabia has been put on hold for various reasons.With continuous population growth,the rising expectations of political participation,and the declining stability of oil revenue,structural contradictions in Saudi Arabia's politics and economy required the state to restart the process of nation building.After King Salman came to power in 2015,the domestic politics of Saudi Arabia underwent a series of changes,and the succession order of the throne changed from brother-to-brother to father-to-son.In order to ensure a smooth transition of power to Mohammed bin Salman,Salman and his son urgently need to strengthen their own authority and win popular support.At the same time,Saudi Arabia needs to build a new national consensus in the face of complicated geostrategic competition in the region.Therefore,the Saudi Arabia's government has been promoting Saudi nationalism from the top down,building a Saudi national identity that is highly bound to the ruler,to overcome the constraints of the Wahhabi ideology and prepare the conditions for comprehensively promoting national modernization reform.